Synthesis and characterization of TiO2- Ag- chitosan nano-composites in order to surface modification and bone tissue engineering using dip coating method

Authors

• Salahaldin Mansour Alduwaib * ¹
• Safaa Abed Salih ¹
• Dina Jalal Al-den Fakar ¹

• Department of Sciences, Collage of Basic Education, Al-Mustansiriyh University, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract

In this research, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanopowder, TiO₂-Ag (TA) and TiO₂-Ag-CH (TACH) nanocomposite were produced by the hydrothermal method. After the synthesis of nanoparticles and nanocomposites, the skull titanium mesh implant pieces were immersed in solutions containing nanopowders of TiO₂, TA, and TACH and coated using the dip coating method. Structural, chemical, and antibacterial properties of these nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), tunneling electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman analysis, Specific surface area was determined by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET) method and the antibacterial properties of the coated implants were investigated using the disk diffusion method, a widely used technique that measures the diameter of the zone of inhibition around a sample containing an antibacterial agent on an agar culture medium inoculated with a microorganism, as well as viable cell count. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of TiO₂ shows all the diffraction peaks of TiO₂ nano-powder show the crystalline structure. Also, the XRD pattern of TA nanocomposite shows the diffraction peaks that are related to the anatase-rutile mixed phase. The XRD of TACH nanocomposite indicate the diffraction peaks of anatase phase of TiO₂, Ag and CH nanoparticles. The surface morphology of TiO₂, TA and TACH nanocomposites was characterized using FESEM. The TEM images of TiO₂, TA and TACH nanocomposites show they are spherical in shape and the size of nanoparticles less than 100 nm. FTIR spectrum of TiO₂, TA and TACH nanocomposites was used to observe the interactions between silver and chitosan nanocomposites and TiO₂ nanoparticles. The Raman spectroscopy for TiO₂, TA and TACH nanocomposites show four characteristic Raman active modes of anatase TiO₂ with symmetries of E_g, B_1g, A_1g and E_g were observed at 134, 382, 500 and 618 cm^-1, respectively. BET analysis of TiO₂, TA and TACH nanocomposites including effective area, effective porosity volume and the average diameter of porosity using the BET method. Based on the antibacterial results, it has been observed that the TA and TACH nanocomposites have effectively inhibited bacterial growth, as evidenced by the clear non-growth halo around the bacteria in the growth inhibition halo images. It can also be seen that TACH nanocomposite showed the highest antibacterial property and TiO₂ nanoparticle had the lowest antibacterial property on both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

Keywords

• Hydrothermal method
• Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanopowder
• Antibacterial properties