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Survival of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on wheat (Poaceae) with antibiosis resistance: implication for the evolution of virulence1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

M.A.H. Smith ,
I.L. Wise  and
R.J. Lamb
M.A.H. Smith*
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
I.L. Wise
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
R.J. Lamb
Affiliation:
Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
*
2Corresponding author (e-mail: msmith@agr.gc.ca).
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Abstract

Small numbers of larval wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin, survived and matured in each of five field seasons in a plot of spring wheat carrying the Sm1 gene for antibiosis resistance against this insect. Wheat midge developing on resistant wheat had higher survival in the laboratory than in the field, but survival was always very low compared with that of larvae developing on susceptible wheat. The mass of these larvae and their survival during diapause were approximately half those of larvae developing on susceptible wheat in both the laboratory and the field. The survival of some wheat midge larvae on resistant wheat, and their reduced mass, is consistent with the hypothesis that a virulence allele allowing adaptation to Sm1 is present in the population. Assuming this to be the case, the frequency of the allele in the population was estimated to be between 0.8 × 10−4 and 1.6 × 10−2, if surviving larvae are heterozygous for the allele. Although rare, a virulence allele occurring at this frequency would likely allow the wheat midge to overcome the resistance gene Sm1 once resistant wheat is grown over a wide area.

Résumé

De petits nombres de larves de la cécidomyie du blé, Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin, ont survécu et atteint la maturité à chacune de cinq saisons de terrain dans un champ de blé de printemps porteur du gène Sm1 de résistance antibiotique contre ce ravageur. Les cécidomyies du blé qui se développent sur du blé résistant ont un taux de survie plus élevé en laboratoire que dans le champ, mais la survie est toujours très faible par rapport à celle de larves qui se développent sur du blé vulnérable. La masse de ces larves et leur survie à la diapause correspondent à environ la moitié de celles de larves qui se développent sur du blé vulnérable, tant au laboratoire que dans le champ. La survie de quelques larves de la cécidomyie du blé sur du blé résistant et leur masse réduite sont compatibles avec l'hypothèse selon laquelle il existe dans la population un allèle qui permet une adaptation à Sm1. En présumant que c'est le cas, nous estimons la fréquence de cet allèle dans la population à entre 0,8 × 10−4 et 1,6 × 10−2, si les larves survivantes possèdent le gène à l'état hétérozygote. Malgré sa rareté, un allèle de virulence qui existe à cette fréquence permettrait vraisemblablement à la cécidomyie du blé de surmonter le gène de résistance Sm1 une fois que le blé résistant sera cultivé sur une surface géographique étendue.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 139 , Issue 1 , February 2007 , pp. 133 - 140
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2007

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Footnotes

1

Contribution No. 1929 of the Cereal Research Centre, Winnipeg.

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