| Abstract |
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Water is one of the most important environmental elements used for a variety of purposes such as irrigation of farms, food production, domestic, industrial and commercial uses. In Iran, agriculture is the largest consumer of water. If water is consumed properly in agriculture and water losses is minimized, its productivity will increase and conditions for sustainable agriculture will be provided. The irrigation system is designed according to the water requirements of the plants. Saffron is an important crop in Kermanshah province and we conserve water by doing research on water requirement of saffron. In this research the water requirement of saffron and the effect of efficient rainfall is studied in Kermanshah province and the amount of supplemental irrigation water was calculated. Water requirement was obtained experimentally and by multiplying crop coefficient of saffron (KC) with evapotranspiration of the reference crop (ETO). To calculate evapotranspiration of the reference crop (ETO) the Penman- Monteith FAO equation was used as the most valid method for estimating water requirement. Amount of effective rainfall was estimated by cropwat model based on USDA method. The results show that water requirement during growing season for saffron is 211.43, 166.98, 249.59, 240.31, 237.74, 204.27, 194.82, 250.13, 282.83, 191.21 and 184.2 mm for Kermanshah, Kangavar, Ravansar, Sarpol-e Zahab, Eslamabad-e-Gharb, Sonqor, Sanandaj, Khorramabad, Ilam, Hamedan and Qorveh respectively. Also, the results show that amount of effective rainfall during growing season for saffron is 138.9, 129.1, 191.5, 147.2, 166.4, 119.8, 128.1, 178.9, 208.5, 85.8 and 96.9 mm for Kermanshah, Kangavar, Ravansar, Sarpol-e Zahab, Eslamabad-e-Gharb, Sonqor, Sanandaj, Khorramabad, Ilam, Hamedan and Qorveh respectively. Moreover, the results show that irrigation requirement during growing season for saffron is 72.53, 37.88, 58.09, 93.11, 71.34, 84.47, 66.72, 71.23, 74.33, 105.41 and 87.3 mm for Kermanshah, Kangavar, Ravansar, Sarpol-e Zahab, Eslamabad-e-Gharb, Sonqor, Sanandaj, Khorramabad, Ilam, Hamedan and Qorveh respectively. Maps showed that the highest saffron water requirement happened in May which was 0.829-1.432 mm/day. The highest and lowest water requirement of saffron were observed for Sarpol-e Zahab and Kangavar stations, respectively. |
