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Current Diabetes Reviews

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ISSN (Print): 1573-3998
ISSN (Online): 1875-6417

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Systematic Review Article

Prevalence, Incidence and Factors Associated with Diabetic Foot in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Author(s): Maria de Jesus Nascimento de Aquino, Ana Célia Caetano de Souza*, José Wicto Pereira Borges, Francisca Diana da Silva Negreiros, Marilia de Sousa Gonçalves, Polyanna Maria Oliveira Martins and Thereza Maria Magalhães Moreira

Volume 20, Issue 1, 2024

Published on: 19 May, 2023

Article ID: e070423215527 Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230407093450

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Diabetic Foot is a severe chronic complication of diabetes and an important factor in the morbidity of diabetic people, resulting in high health costs and increased risk of death.

Objective: To analyze the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors associated with diabetic foot in people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Method: Systematic literature review. Searches in MedLine via PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases were performed. Inclusion of 52 studies. The R program, Metan packages, was used to calculate the meta-analysis. Given the heterogeneity of studies, the random effect was used to calculate the meta-analysis of risk factors.

Results: The meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of diabetic foot was 14% in a hospital setting and 5% in a community setting. The overall prevalence and incidence were 9% and 4%, respectively. Significant risk factors included time of DM (odds ratio [OR] =1.46, confidence interval [CI], 0.36-2.57, P = 0.009), smoking (OR = 1.46, CI, 1.16 -1.85, P< .001), glycated hemoglobin (OR = 0.96, CI, 0.50; 1.42, P< .001), peripheral arterial disease (OR = 3.38, CI, 2.07; 5.53, P < .001) and peripheral neuropathy (OR = 5.88, CI, 2.39-14.45, P<.001).

Conclusion: Multidisciplinary monitoring, educational strategies, periodic foot examination for alterations, and early identification of risk factors are essential to prevent ulceration and reduce the disease burden.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic foot, amputation, prevalence, incidence, risk factors.

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