Abstract
Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a member of family C of the G protein-coupled receptors, is expressed most abundantly in the parathyroid glands and kidney. It plays key role in these two organs because it senses changes in extracellular calcium and regulates PTH secretion and calcium reabsorption to suit the extracellular calcium concentration. In kidney, CaSR is expressed in all nephron segments. It has an inhibitory effect on the reabsorption of calcium, potassium, sodium and water, depending on the particular function of the different tubular tracts. Among its inhibitory effects, CaSR modulates the signaling pathways used by the tubulocytes to activate electrolyte or water reabsorption. The only site where there is no such inhibitory effect is in the proximal tubule, where CaSR enhances phosphate reabsorption to counteract the effect of PTH. CaSR mutations and polymorphisms cause disorders characterized by alterations in renal excretion and serum calcium concentrations. They also can cause sodium and potassium excretion disorders. CaSR also mediates the acute adverse renal effects of hypercalcemia, which include a reduced sodium, potassium and water reabsorption. From a teleological perspective, CaSR seems to protect human tissues against calcium excess in extracellular fluids.
Keywords: Gene, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, hypocalcemia, sodium handling, water reabsorption, renal stone
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Title: Roles of Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) in Renal Mineral Ion Transport
Volume: 10 Issue: 3
Author(s): Giuseppe Vezzoli, Laura Soldati and Giovanni Gambaro
Affiliation:
Keywords: Gene, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, hypocalcemia, sodium handling, water reabsorption, renal stone
Abstract: Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a member of family C of the G protein-coupled receptors, is expressed most abundantly in the parathyroid glands and kidney. It plays key role in these two organs because it senses changes in extracellular calcium and regulates PTH secretion and calcium reabsorption to suit the extracellular calcium concentration. In kidney, CaSR is expressed in all nephron segments. It has an inhibitory effect on the reabsorption of calcium, potassium, sodium and water, depending on the particular function of the different tubular tracts. Among its inhibitory effects, CaSR modulates the signaling pathways used by the tubulocytes to activate electrolyte or water reabsorption. The only site where there is no such inhibitory effect is in the proximal tubule, where CaSR enhances phosphate reabsorption to counteract the effect of PTH. CaSR mutations and polymorphisms cause disorders characterized by alterations in renal excretion and serum calcium concentrations. They also can cause sodium and potassium excretion disorders. CaSR also mediates the acute adverse renal effects of hypercalcemia, which include a reduced sodium, potassium and water reabsorption. From a teleological perspective, CaSR seems to protect human tissues against calcium excess in extracellular fluids.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Vezzoli Giuseppe, Soldati Laura and Gambaro Giovanni, Roles of Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) in Renal Mineral Ion Transport, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2009; 10 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920109787847475
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920109787847475 |
Print ISSN 1389-2010 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4316 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Artificial Intelligence in Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that analyzes and explores biological data. This field combines biology and information system. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has attracted great attention as it tries to replicate human intelligence. It has become common technology for analyzing and solving complex data and problems and encompasses sub-fields of machine ...read more
Latest Advancements in Biotherapeutics
The scope of this thematic issue is to comprehensively explore the rapidly evolving landscape of biotherapeutics, emphasizing breakthroughs in precision medicine. Encompassing diverse therapeutic modalities, the issue will delve into the latest developments in monoclonal antibodies, CRISPR/Cas gene editing, CAR-T cell therapies, and innovative drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticle-based ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Meet Our Editorial Board Member
Current Pharmaceutical Design Does Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Protect the Heart in Cardiac Surgery? From Laboratory to Operating Room: Clinical Application of Experimental Study
Current Pharmaceutical Design Structure and Function of Myelinated Nerve Fibers in the Rabbit Eye Following Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Current Neurovascular Research Pharmacokinetic Mechanisms for Reduced Toxicity of Irinotecan by Coadministered Thalidomide
Current Drug Metabolism Overview of Hyperuricaemia and Gout
Current Pharmaceutical Design Auto-Antibodies As Possible Markers and Mediators of Ischemic, Dilated, and Rhythmic Cardiopathies
Current Drug Targets Liver Enzymes: Potential Cardiovascular Risk Markers?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Myocardial Perfusion and Coronary Vasomotor Function: Emerging Role of PET Imaging
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) The Vasoactive Role of Nitric Oxide: Physiological and Morphological Aspects
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Combination of Thiazide Diuretics and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Attenuates Osteoporosis in Hypertensive Rats
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Lipid-Lowering Therapies for Atherosclerosis: Statins, Fibrates, Ezetimibe and PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibodies
Current Medicinal Chemistry Lead Anti-Obesity Compounds from Nature
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Neuroimmune Aspects of Sjogren`s Syndrome: Role of VIP/VPAC System in Immune and Salivary Gland Epithelial Cell Function
Current Pharmaceutical Design Binding Modes and Pharmacophore Modelling of Thermolysin Inhibitors
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Cannabinoids
Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders Vasopressin & Oxytocin in Control of the Cardiovascular System: An Updated Review
Current Neuropharmacology The Role of Endothelium in Cardiovascular Diseases: New Insights
Current Medicinal Chemistry Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: Antithrombotic Therapy in Cardiac Embolism
Current Drug Targets Is the Vascular System a Main Target for Thyroid Hormones? From Molecular and Biochemical Findings to Clinical Perspectives
Current Vascular Pharmacology Hetero-Tricyclic Lead Scaffold as Novel PDE5A Inhibitor for Antihypertensive Activity: In Silico Docking Studies
Current Computer-Aided Drug Design