Abstract
Myeloid leukaemia cells are sensitive to attack by elements of the immune system as evidenced by the effects of T cell depletion, graft versus leukaemia and donor lymphocyte infusion on leukaemic recurrence. An implication is that the immune system can be manipulated to enhance anti-leukaemic effects by exogenous stimulation including the use of immunostimulatory cytokines. These could potentially be used in a controlled manner that avoids the clinical problems associated with graft-versus-host disease. The cytokine used most extensively to date is interleukin-2 (IL2), a molecule that induces T lymphocyte proliferation and the generation of MHC unrestricted cytotoxicity. Despite over 10 years of clinical experience, the data on efficacy in acute myeloid leukaemia remains unclear due to lack of adequate randomised trials. IL2 appears to be effective in patients with low level marrow infiltration by acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) blast cells. It is less effective when patients present or relapse with packed bone marrows. The logical assumption that IL2 treatment given during states of minimal residual disease will reduce the incidence or speed of disease recurrence remains to be adequately tested. IL2 administration is associated with characteristic clinical adverse effects and with specific immuno-haematological changes. The use of other cytokines for immune manipulation in patients with AML is so far essentially limited to the research laboratory. Potential uses include cytokine induced blast differentiation to dendritic cells and the use of irradiated cytokine gene transduced leukaemic cells as vaccines.
Keywords: human acute leukaemia, cytotoxicity
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Cytokine Manipulation of the Immune Response in the Treatment of Human Acute Leukaemia
Volume: 8 Issue: 5
Author(s): David Gottlieb
Affiliation:
Keywords: human acute leukaemia, cytotoxicity
Abstract: Myeloid leukaemia cells are sensitive to attack by elements of the immune system as evidenced by the effects of T cell depletion, graft versus leukaemia and donor lymphocyte infusion on leukaemic recurrence. An implication is that the immune system can be manipulated to enhance anti-leukaemic effects by exogenous stimulation including the use of immunostimulatory cytokines. These could potentially be used in a controlled manner that avoids the clinical problems associated with graft-versus-host disease. The cytokine used most extensively to date is interleukin-2 (IL2), a molecule that induces T lymphocyte proliferation and the generation of MHC unrestricted cytotoxicity. Despite over 10 years of clinical experience, the data on efficacy in acute myeloid leukaemia remains unclear due to lack of adequate randomised trials. IL2 appears to be effective in patients with low level marrow infiltration by acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) blast cells. It is less effective when patients present or relapse with packed bone marrows. The logical assumption that IL2 treatment given during states of minimal residual disease will reduce the incidence or speed of disease recurrence remains to be adequately tested. IL2 administration is associated with characteristic clinical adverse effects and with specific immuno-haematological changes. The use of other cytokines for immune manipulation in patients with AML is so far essentially limited to the research laboratory. Potential uses include cytokine induced blast differentiation to dendritic cells and the use of irradiated cytokine gene transduced leukaemic cells as vaccines.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gottlieb David, Cytokine Manipulation of the Immune Response in the Treatment of Human Acute Leukaemia, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2002; 8 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612023396087
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612023396087 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Expression, Function and Targeting of Haem Oxygenase-1 in Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Phthalimide Analogues and their Therapeutic Potential
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry DNA Drug Design for Cancer Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Evaluation of In-Vitro Multidrug Resistance Reversal Activities of HZ08 analogues with Improved Soluble Property
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Recent Developments Towards the Synthesis of Varitriol: An Antitumour Agent from Marine Derived Fungus Emericella Variecolor
Current Organic Synthesis Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Phthalimido and Naphthalimido Substituted Dihydropyrimidone Conjugates
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery The Biological Effects of Diagnostic Cardiac Imaging
Current Pharmaceutical Design Development of Novel Cardiovascular Therapeutics From Small Regulatory RNA Molecules - An Outline of Key Requirements
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Chemistry and Bio-Medicinal Significance of Pyrimidines & Condensed Pyrimidines
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Stem Cells-Clinical Implications for Cancer Therapy
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Analysis of Fish IL-1β and Derived Peptide Sequences Indicates Conserved Structures with Species-Specific IL-1 Receptor Binding: Implications for Pharmacological Design
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Disulfide Analogues of Isophosphoramide Mustard for Anticancer Therapy
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery The Blood-Brain Barrier in Multiple Sclerosis: microRNAs as Key Regulators
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Palifermin in theManagement of Mucositis in Hematological Malignancies: Current Evidences and Future Perspectives
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Immunity to Tumour Antigens
Current Pharmaceutical Design Discovery of N-Phenyl-4-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine Derivatives as Potent Mnk2 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, SAR Analysis, and Evaluation of in vitro Anti-leukaemic Activity
Medicinal Chemistry Discriminating Ramos and Jurkat Cells with Image Textures from Diffraction Imaging Flow Cytometry Based on a Support Vector Machine
Current Bioinformatics Proteolytic Cleavage of Notch: “HIT and RUN”
Current Molecular Medicine Copper Compounds in Anticancer Strategies
Current Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacogenomics: The Influence of Genomic Variation on Drug Response
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry