Abstract
We describe the alterations of classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in generalized epilepsy. A neuronal network in this disease is developed. Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) hypoactivity induces dopamine hyperactivity because dopaminergic neurons are affected by the inhibitory influence of the GABAergic system through GABAA receptors. Glutamate hyperactivity is exerted via presynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which strongly inhibit serotoninergic neurons, and via postsynaptic ionotropic glutaminergic receptors, which can induce epileptic seizures. A collection of specific subreceptors of classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides involved in epileptogenesis is reported. The question arises whether agonists/antagonists of neuropeptides (neuropeptide Y, galanin…) could have additional antiepileptic properties. The effect of conventional and newer antiepileptic drugs interfering with these subreceptors is discussed on the basis of the neuronal network suggested. From these data, it is concluded that new antiepileptic drugs interfering with other specific subreceptors (GABAB antagonists, metabotropic glutaminergic receptors subtype 5 (mGlu5R) antagonists, mGlu2/3R agonists, 5-serotonin (5-HT7) agonists) could further stabilize the neuronal network in generalized epilepsy.
Keywords: GABA, glutamate, serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, adenosine, neuropeptide Y, galanin, antiepileptic drugs, generalized epilepsy
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Classical Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides Involved in Generalized Epilepsy: A Focus on Antiepileptic Drugs
Volume: 18 Issue: 32
Author(s): F.-M. Werner and R. Covenas
Affiliation:
Keywords: GABA, glutamate, serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, adenosine, neuropeptide Y, galanin, antiepileptic drugs, generalized epilepsy
Abstract: We describe the alterations of classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in generalized epilepsy. A neuronal network in this disease is developed. Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) hypoactivity induces dopamine hyperactivity because dopaminergic neurons are affected by the inhibitory influence of the GABAergic system through GABAA receptors. Glutamate hyperactivity is exerted via presynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which strongly inhibit serotoninergic neurons, and via postsynaptic ionotropic glutaminergic receptors, which can induce epileptic seizures. A collection of specific subreceptors of classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides involved in epileptogenesis is reported. The question arises whether agonists/antagonists of neuropeptides (neuropeptide Y, galanin…) could have additional antiepileptic properties. The effect of conventional and newer antiepileptic drugs interfering with these subreceptors is discussed on the basis of the neuronal network suggested. From these data, it is concluded that new antiepileptic drugs interfering with other specific subreceptors (GABAB antagonists, metabotropic glutaminergic receptors subtype 5 (mGlu5R) antagonists, mGlu2/3R agonists, 5-serotonin (5-HT7) agonists) could further stabilize the neuronal network in generalized epilepsy.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Werner F.-M. and Covenas R., Classical Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides Involved in Generalized Epilepsy: A Focus on Antiepileptic Drugs, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2011; 18 (32) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711797535191
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711797535191 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The New Antiepileptic Drugs Pharmacological and Clinical Aspects
Current Pharmaceutical Design Metabolic Changes in Rat Plasma After Epilepsy by UPLC-MS/MS
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Genetics and Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorders:A Review
Current Genomics MicroRNAs in CAG Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion Disorders: an Integrated Review of the Literature
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Activators and Inhibitors of the Ion Channel of the NMDA Receptor
Current Drug Targets Patient’s Perceptions of the Cannabis-psychosis Link - A Systematic Review
Current Pharmaceutical Design Regulation of miRNA Processing and miRNA Mediated Gene Repression in Cancer
MicroRNA ABC Transporters in the Development of Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Graphical Abstracts
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery N-Valproyl-L-Phenylalanine as New Potential Antiepileptic Drug: Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Studies on Stability, Toxicity and Anticonvulsant Efficacy
Medicinal Chemistry Pediatric Chronic Daily Headache
Current Pediatric Reviews Contraception in Women with Medical Conditions
Current Women`s Health Reviews Molecular Biology of Nucleoside Transporters and their Distributions and Functions in the Brain
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Prediction of Disease-Related Genes Based on Hybrid Features
Current Proteomics Potassium Channels and CNS Diseases
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Curcumin Reduces Neuronal Loss and Inhibits the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in an Epileptic Rat Model
Current Neurovascular Research The Glutamate Hypothesis in ALS: Pathophysiology and Drug Development
Current Medicinal Chemistry Curcumin Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting NLRP1-dependent Neuronal Pyroptosis
Current Neurovascular Research The GABAergic System and the Gastrointestinal Physiopathology
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Role of GABA Analogues in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry