| 不同覆盖模式下旱作苹果园土壤酶活性和微生物数量时空动态研究 |
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| 引用本文：温晓霞,殷瑞敬,高茂盛，艾绥龙.不同覆盖模式下旱作苹果园土壤酶活性和微生物数量时空动态研究[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(11):82~88 |
| DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2011.11.017 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（30871492，30971721）； “十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目（2006BAD15B06）。 |
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| 中文摘要:为揭示不同覆盖模式对苹果园0～40 cm土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响，对比分析秸秆覆盖、生草覆盖、地膜覆盖和裸地处理下旱作苹果园土壤酶活性和微生物数量的时空动态变化规律。结果表明，①从幼果期 果实膨大期 成熟期，土壤蔗糖酶活性呈现先增后减的趋势，土壤过氧化氢酶呈现先降后升的趋势，而脲酶活性呈持续下降趋势；土壤真菌和细菌数量呈现先增加，而后略有下降的趋势，其中在果树生长最旺盛的果实膨大期达到最高，而土壤放线菌呈现出持续增加的趋势，在成熟期达到最大。②与常规裸地耕作相比，采用覆盖后能不同程度增加果园土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性，提高土壤真菌和细菌的数量，且均以秸秆覆盖效果最佳。③从空间分布来看，旱作果园土壤酶活性和微生物数量均呈现分层现象，除过氧化氢酶外，总体表现为上多下少的规律，且覆盖对于土壤酶活性和微生物的影响主要集中在表土层。④覆盖处理可提高苹果产量，改善品质，其中以秸秆覆盖效果最好。因此，在旱作“雨养”果园采用秸秆覆盖能有效改善土壤肥力条件，提高苹果产量和品质。 |
| 中文关键词:覆盖方式 苹果园 土壤酶活性 土壤微生物 |
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| Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbes in Apple Orchard Soil under Different Mulching Managements |
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| Abstract:In order to reveal the influence of orchand soil enzymes and microbes quantity in different of mulching managements, this research was to study the spatio temporal patterns of soil enzymatic and microbe activities under different mulching managements on apple orchard soil. The dynamic change of the soil enzymes and microbes in different depths of soil during the apple tree growing were determined by four mulching treatments which was straw mulching, sod mulching,film mulching and bare. The results showed as follows:(1)With the apple tree growth, soil sucrase activity increased firstly,and then decreased. The soil catalase activity decreased firstly and then increased gradrually.But all long with the apple growth, the soil urease activity decreased gradually. From fruitlet stage to the maturity stage, the quantity of soil bacteria and soil fungi had been rising, reached the maximum at the fruit expanding stage, then slowly declined. But all long with the apple growth, the soil actinomycetes activity decreased gradually.(2)Compared with the bare tillage,the mulching managements had significant effects on increasing the soil enzymatic activity and the quantity of soil bacteria and soil fungi, especially,the treatment of straw mulching had the most obvious effect in all treatments. (3) From the spatial distribution of the enzymes and microbes in different depths of soil, the enzymes and microbes on orchard soil have stratification. Except the soil catalase activity, the enzyme and microbe activities were decreased with the deeper of soil.At the same time,the mulching management could mainly enhance the topsoil enzyme and microbe activities.（4）Compareing with the bare tillage,the mulching managements can improve production and quality of apple.Therefore,straw mulching can improve soil nutrients effectively, then improve production and quality of apple in rain fed farming orchands. |
| keywords:Mulching management Apple orchard Soil enzyme Soil microbe |
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