Two pass laser welding of TC4 titanium alloy and 316L stainless steel with vanadium interlayer
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摘要: 采用TC4钛合金和316L不锈钢作为母材，纯钒作为中间层材料，进行了双道激光焊接试验。研究了焊接速度、光束偏移量对焊缝成形、显微组织、力学性能的影响，并进行了分析测试。结果表明：在钛合金一侧的钒中间层可发生一定程度的熔化，但界面近域均为固溶体，对接头的力学性能影响较小。在钒与不锈钢一侧，钒中间层与不锈钢呈钎焊界面，钒发生一定程度的溶解与扩散，形成扩散层。随着钢侧光束偏移量的增加，V/Fe界面扩散层的厚度减小，偏移量为0.3 mm时，界面扩散层厚度达到35.8 μm，此时抗拉强度最高达到406.9 MPa，断裂位置为钒/不锈钢界面处，断口呈韧性断裂特征。
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关键词:
- 钛合金；不锈钢；双道激光焊接 /
- 钒中间层 /
- 焊接速度 /
- 光束偏移量
Abstract: A two-pass laser welding test was carried out using TC4 titanium alloy and 316L stainless steel as the base material and pure vanadium as the interlayer material. The influence of welding speed and beam offset on weld formation, microstructure, and mechanical properties were studied and analyzed. The results show that the vanadium interlayer on the side of titanium alloy can be melted to a certain extent. Still, all near the interface are the solid solution, and the mechanical properties of the joint are less affected. On the side of stainless steel, the vanadium interlayer is brazed with the stainless steel. Vanadium dissolves and diffuses to some extent, forming a diffusion layer. With the increase of beam offset on the steel side, the thickness of the V/Fe interface diffusion layer decreases. At an offset of 0.3 mm, the thickness of the interfacial diffusion layer reaches 35.8 μm, and the maximum tensile strength reaches 406.9 MPa at this time. The fracture location is at the vanadium/stainless steel interface, and the fracture is characterized by ductile fracture. -
图 1 不锈钢/钒/钛合金焊接示意
Figure 1. Welding schematic of stainless steel, vanadium and titanium alloy
图 2 不同焊接速度下钛合金/钒焊缝界面成形
Figure 2. Weld interface forming of titanium alloy and vanadium at different welding speeds
图 3 不同偏移量下钛/钒激光焊接接头组织形貌
Figure 3. Microstructure morphology of titanium/vanadium laser welded joint with different offsets
图 4 偏移量对钢/钒焊接接头的影响（P=3500 W, v=1.0 m/min）
Figure 4. Effect of offsets on steel/vanadium welded joints
图 5 钢侧不同偏移量下的焊缝抗拉强度
Figure 5. Tensile strength of weld at different offsets of steel side
图 6 最佳工艺参数下的试样断口形貌
Figure 6. Fracture profile of the specimen with optimal process parameters
图 7 不锈钢/钒/钛合金焊接试样的接头组织形貌
(a)接头宏观形貌；(b)～(d)不锈钢/钒接头微观组织；(e)～(g)钒/钛合金接头微观组织
Figure 7. Joint morphology of stainless steel/vanadium/titanium alloy welding sample
图 8 钢侧不同激光光束偏移量下V/Fe焊缝界面的显微组织照片
Figure 8. Microstructure of V/Fe weld interface at different laser beam offsets on steel side
表 1 试验材料化学成分
Table 1. Chemical compositions of TC4 and 316L
% 材料 Fe C Si Ni Cr Mn Mo Al V Ti TC4 0.3 0.1 0.15 0.015 5.5 4.5 余量 316L 余量 ≤0.03 ≤1.0 10.0~14.0 16.0~18.0 ≤2.0 2.0~3.0 
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表 2 不锈钢/钒焊接界面的元素含量
Table 2. Element content of stainless steel/vanadium welding interface
% 位置 Ti V Cr Fe Ni A 0.06 28.47 11.98 51.61 7.88 B 0.07 14.80 16.54 60.74 7.85
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