Optical fiber is used in various fields because of its advantages of large-capacity communication, long-distance transmission, low signal crosstalk, good confidentiality, anti-electromagnetic interference, good transmission quality, small size, light weight, and long life. In this paper, the latest research progress of optical fiber sensing technology and its application and development in the field of rotating parts are summarized, and the characteristics and working principles of optical fiber intelligent composite materials are introduced. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Hilbert fringe spectra are then applied to frequency component analysis. Quantitative research is carried out on the variation of the frequency components in each frequency band of the vibration signal of the damaged and non-damaged rotating parts. The method can analyze the fault signal to achieve the purpose of accurately extracting the fault characteristics of the rolling bearing, which plays an important guiding role in the accurate diagnosis of the bearing fault.

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