Reservoir Superposed Pattern Characterization of Well-Logging and Seismic Data Calibration with Meandering Channels: A Case Study of Jurassic Toutunhe Formation in Fudong No.5 Well Area, Eastern Junggar Basin
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摘要: 针对阜东5井区大井距下曲流型河道储层叠置样式认识不清的问题，应用岩心、地震、测井、试油试采等资料，采用井震联合、层次结构和地震正演等研究方法，确立了沉积微相类型，分层次开展了河道储层叠置样式和地震正演河道砂体叠置地震响应特征研究，提出了曲流型河道储层叠置分布样式.研究表明：（1）目的层自下而上呈曲流河三角洲→曲流型分流河道体系→曲流河.头一段时期发育曲流河三角洲沉积，多个朵叶状砂体连片叠置.头二段演变为曲流型分流河道体系，砂体呈条带状叠置；头三段为曲流河，砂体呈宽条带交错叠置状.（2）在合理地震正演参数设置后，对曲流型河道分4类开展正演模拟.不同期次的单河道相互叠置使得复合河道的地震反射表现出单斜状、阶梯状、下凹状的特征，同时伴随振幅的横向强弱变化，结合单井测井标定可判断单河道的发育期次和叠置关系.（3）曲流型河道储层叠置样式主要分为单河道型、多河道叠置型和稳定迁移型3种样式.单河道型地震反射振幅短轴强振幅特征，呈窄连续条带状分布（约250 m）；多河道叠置型地震反射振幅强弱变化大，呈连续性较差宽条带状分布（约500 m）；稳定迁移型地震响应波形振幅强度变化弱且连续，呈大范围连片状分布（约1 500 m）.研究不仅对曲流型河道油气储层提高采收率具有重要的指导意义，也对井震结合大井距河道砂体储层构型表征方法的拓展意义重大.Abstract: Characterization of meandering channel reservoir superposed pattern is difficult to Fudong No.5 well area with large well spacing. Using the data of core, seismic, logging, and production test, and the methods of well-logging seismic data calibration, hierarchical architecture, and seismic forward modeling, in this study it established the microfacies, hierarchical meandering channel sand bodies, and the response characteristics of the waveform in the seismic forward modeling of superimposed channel sand body. The results show follows: (1) It is a complete cycle from bottom to top, with meandering river delta, distributary channel system to meandering river. At the first member, it is the development of meandering river delta depositional system, superposition of multiple lobes sand body. At the second member, it has evolved into meandering distribution channel system, and the sand body is stacked with banded shape. At the third member, it is the meandering river depositional system, and the sand body is wide banded shape overlapped. (2) There are four classes of the meandering channel to be launched in seismic forward modeling, after setting up the reasonable parameters of the work area. The relationship between developmental stages of single channel can be comprehensively determined by the well-logging calibration and the monoclinal, stepped, concave characteristics that overlapping of single channels at different periods shows in the seismic reflection, along with the transverse strength change of the amplitude. (3) The meandering channel sand bodies in the study area can be divided into three types: single channel, multi-channel superposition and stable migration channels. The single channel type seismic reflection amplitude is strong in the middle and weak on both sides, presenting a continuous banded distribution, with a width about 250 m, while the multi-channel superimposed type seismic reflection amplitude is greatly varied in strength and the distribution of superimposed banded poorly continued, with a width about 500 m. The stable migration channel type seismic response waveform changes weakly and continuously, presenting a large range of continuous distribution, and a width about 1 500 m. The research is not only of great practical significance for improving oil recovery of meandering channel reservoirs by using horizontal wells, but also of great significance for enriching characterization method of large well spacing meandering channel architecture combined with well-logging and seismic.
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图 1 研究区构造位置和地层综合图
a.工区位置图;b.综合柱状图
Fig. 1. Tectonic location and stratigraphic characteristics of the study area
图 2 岩心特征
a.灰绿色泥岩，块状层理发育，2 972.82 m，阜东052井；b.灰色泥岩，2 827.72 m，阜东7井；c.灰色细砂岩，交错层理发育，2 367.33 m，阜29井；d.灰色细砂岩，2 751.73 m，阜东7井；e.灰色粉细砂岩，含油性较好，底部冲刷构造发育，2 972.59 m，阜东052井；f.灰色砂砾岩，分选磨圆较差，2 370.0 m，阜29井；g.灰色细砂岩，交错层理发育，荧光显示一般，3 105.26 m，阜009井；h.灰色砂砾岩，荧光显示弱，2 369.79 m，阜29井；i.灰色中细砂岩，荧光显示强，3 370.78 m，阜28井
Fig. 2. Characteristics of well cores
图 3 过阜东5井地震反射特征与曲流型河道复杂叠置关系
Fig. 3. Relationship between seismic reflection characteristics and complex superposition of meandering channel in Fudong No.5 well area
图 4 地震波阻抗与岩性、电性关系图版
Fig. 4. Relationship between seismic wave impedance and lithology, electrical properties
图 5 阜东5井区头屯河组不同层位曲流型河道分布特征
a.J2t11地震RMS属性分布图；b.J2t11砂体厚度等值线图；c.J2t11复合河道单元分布图；d.J2t22地震RMS属性分布图；e.J2t22砂体厚度等值线图；f.J2t22复合河道单元分布图；g.J2t32地震RMS属性分布图；h.J2t32砂体厚度等值线图；i.J2t32复合河道单元分布图
Fig. 5. Characteristics of meandering channels in sand groups with Fudong No.5 well area, Toutunhe Formation
图 6 曲流型河道储层叠置样式的地震正演响应特征
Fig. 6. Seismic forward response characteristics of superimposed meandering channels
图 7 单河道型多个地震剖面反射特征
剖面位置见图 5g
Fig. 7. Reflection characteristics of multiple seismic profiles with single channel type
图 8 多河道侧向叠置型多个地震剖面反射特征
剖面位置见图 5d
Fig. 8. Reflection characteristics of multiple seismic profiles with multi-channel superposition type
图 9 稳定迁移型地震反射特征
剖面位置见图 5a
Fig. 9. Reflection characteristics of seismic with stable migration channel type
图 10 阜东056_H水平井轨迹曲流型河道叠置样式验证
FD056_H井轨迹位置见图 5f
Fig. 10. Verification Fudong 056_H horizontal well trajectory by means of meandering reservoir channel superposed pattern
表 1 沉积微相分类特征
Table 1. Classification of sedimentary microfacies
相 微相 岩性 韵律 沉积构造 单砂体厚度(m) 几何形态 测井曲线 测井响应 曲流型河道沉积体系 储集层单元 分流河道 砂砾岩、中细砂岩 正韵律 交错层理、块状构造 3~6 顶平底凸 中-高幅钟形或箱型 
点坝 中细砂岩、粉细砂岩 正韵律 交错层理、平行层理 3~10 顶平底凸 中-高幅钟形底部突变 
决口扇 细砂岩、粉砂岩 反韵律 小型交错层理 1~3 透镜体、底凸顶平 齿化漏斗形 
天然堤 粉砂岩、泥岩 正韵律 小型交错层理 1~3 楔状 高幅指形 
河口现 细砂岩 反韵律 大型交错层理 4~12 底平顶凸 漏斗形、箱形 
隔夹层 废弃河道 泥质粉砂岩、泥岩 正韵律 水平层理 1~4 尖灭楔状 指形或尖峰形 
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表 2 岩性和波阻抗地震正演参数
Table 2. Lithology and wave impedance seismic forward modeling parameters setting
岩性（沉积微相） 速度（m/s） 密度（g/cm2） 泥岩（湖相、泛滥平原） 3 800 2.412 砂岩（分流河道、河口坝、溢岸） 3 500 2.375
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