Investigation of unstable feline diabetes mellitus

Danièlle Gunn-Moore; Nicki Reed

doi:10.22233/9781905319893.23

British Small Animal Veterinary Association , 243 (2012); https://doi.org/10.22233/9781905319893.23

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fInvestigation of unstable feline diabetes mellitus

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Authors: Danièlle Gunn-Moore and Nicki Reed
From: BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Endocrinology
Item: Chapter 23, pp 243 - 250
DOI: 10.22233/9781905319893.23
Copyright: © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association
Publication Date: January 2012

Abstract

PLEASE NOTE. THE NEW 5TH EDITION OF THE BSAVA MANUAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY IS NOW AVAILABLE HERE.

This chapter discusses management issues regarding unstable feline diabetes mellitus, the type and dose of insulin, interpreting blood glucose curves, fluctuating insulin requirements, insulin resistance and investigation of instability.

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23.2

Blood glucose curves in diabetic cats. (a) Appropriate response to insulin. (b) Minimal response to insulin, insulin resistance or stress hyperglycaemia. (c) Inadequate response to insulin. (d) Response to insulin, but inadequate duration of effect. (e) Rapid decline in glucose concentrations in response to insulin, with marked rebound (Somogyi overswing). © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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23.2 Blood glucose curves in diabetic cats. (a) Appropriate response to insulin. (b) Minimal response to insulin, insulin resistance or stress hyperglycaemia. (c) Inadequate response to insulin. (d) Response to insulin, but inadequate duration of effect. (e) Rapid decline in glucose concentrations in response to insulin, with marked rebound (Somogyi overswing).

/content/figure/10.22233/9781905319893.chap23.ch23fig4

23.4

An approach to the investigation of diabetic instability in cats. T4 = thyroxine; fT4 = free thyroxine; ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone; GH = growth hormone; IGF-1 = SSA0 insulin-like growth factor 1; LDDST = low-dose dexamethasone suppression test; UCCR = urine cortisol: creatinine ratio; DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association

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23.4 An approach to the investigation of diabetic instability in cats. T4 = thyroxine; fT4 = free thyroxine; ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone; GH = growth hormone; IGF-1 = SSA0 insulin-like growth factor 1; LDDST = low-dose dexamethasone suppression test; UCCR = urine cortisol: creatinine ratio; DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis.

References

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Little CJL and Gettinby G (2008) Heart failure is common in diabetic cats: findings from a retrospective case-controlled study in first-opinion practice. Journal of Small Animal Practice 49 , 17–25
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Niessen S (2010) Feline acromegaly: an essential differential diagnosis for the difficult diabetic. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 12 , 15–23 [Crossref]
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Ogilvie GK , Walters L , Salman MD et al. (1997) Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in dogs with nonhematopoietic malignancies. American Journal of Veterinary Research 58 , 277–281
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[ref-ref23_1] Crenshaw KL and Peterson ME (1996) Pretreatment clinical and laboratory evaluation of cats with diabetes mellitus: 104 cases (1992–1994). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 209 , 943–949
[Google Scholar]

[ref-ref23_2] Crenshaw KL , Peterson ME , Heeb LA , Moroff SD and Nichols R (1996) Serum fructosamine concentration as an index of glycemia in cats with diabetes mellitus and stress hyperglycemia. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 10 , 360–364 [Crossref]
[Google Scholar]

[ref-ref23_3] Elliott DA , Feldman EC , Koblik PD , Samii VF and Nelson RW (2000) Prevalence of pituitary tumors among diabetic cats with insulin resistance. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 216 , 1765–1768 [Crossref]
[Google Scholar]

[ref-ref23_4] Feldman EC and Nelson RW (2004) Canine diabetes mellitus; Feline diabetes mellitus In: Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction , 3rd edn, ed. EC Feldman and RW Nelson, pp. 486–538; 539–579. WB Saunders, Philadelphia
[Google Scholar]

[ref-ref23_5] Forcada Y , German AJ , Noble PJM et al. (2008) Determination of serum fPLI concentrations in cats with diabetes mellitus. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 10 , 480–487 [Crossref]
[Google Scholar]

[ref-ref23_6] Goossens MMC , Nelson RW , Feldman EC and Griffey SM (1998) Response to insulin treatment and survival in 104 cats with diabetes mellitus (1985–1995). Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 12 , 1–6 [Crossref]
[Google Scholar]

[ref-ref23_7] Joshi N , Caputo GM , Weitekamp MR and Karchmer AW (1999) Infections in patients with diabetes mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine 341 , 1906–1912 [Crossref]
[Google Scholar]

[ref-ref23_8] Koenig A , Drobatz KJ , Beale AB and King LG (2004) Hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar syndrome in feline diabetics: 17 cases (1995–2001). Journal of Veterinary Emerging and Critical Care 14 , 30–40 [Crossref]
[Google Scholar]

[ref-ref23_9] Kraus MS , Calvert CA , Jacobs GJ and Brown J (1997) Feline diabetes mellitus: a retrospective mortality study of 55 cats (1982-1994). Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 33 , 107–111 [Crossref]
[Google Scholar]

[ref-ref23_10] Little CJL and Gettinby G (2008) Heart failure is common in diabetic cats: findings from a retrospective case-controlled study in first-opinion practice. Journal of Small Animal Practice 49 , 17–25
[Google Scholar]

[ref-ref23_11] Niessen S (2010) Feline acromegaly: an essential differential diagnosis for the difficult diabetic. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 12 , 15–23 [Crossref]
[Google Scholar]

[ref-ref23_12] Ogilvie GK , Walters L , Salman MD et al. (1997) Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in dogs with nonhematopoietic malignancies. American Journal of Veterinary Research 58 , 277–281
[Google Scholar]

[ref-ref23_13] Rand JS (2002) Understanding feline diabetes. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 24 (5), Supplement B, 2–6
[Google Scholar]

[ref-ref23_14] Reusch CE , Kley S , Casella M et al. (2006) Measurements of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 in cats with diabetes mellitus. Veterinary Record 158 , 195–200 [Crossref]
[Google Scholar]