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Review Article

Bile Acid Application in Cell-Targeting for Molecular Receptors in Relation to Hearing: A Comprehensive Review

Author(s): Corina M. Ionescu, Melissa A. Jones, Susbin R. Wagle, Bozica Kovacevic, Thomas Foster, Momir Mikov, Armin Mooranian* and Hani Al-Salami*

Volume 25, Issue 3, 2024

Published on: 08 January, 2024

Page: [158 - 170] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/0113894501278292231223035733

Price: $65

Abstract

Bile acids play important roles in the human body, and changes in their pool can be used as markers for various liver pathologies. In addition to their functional effects in modulating inflammatory responses and cellular survivability, the unconjugated or conjugated, secondary, or primary nature of bile acids accounts for their various ligand effects.

The common hydrophilic bile acids have been used successfully as local treatment to resolve drug-induced cell damage or to ameliorate hearing loss. From various literature references, bile acids show concentration and tissue-dependent effects. Some hydrophobic bile acids act as ligands modulating vitamin D receptors, muscarinic receptors, and calcium-activated potassium channels, important proteins in the inner ear system.

Currently, there are limited resources investigating the therapeutic effects of bile acid on hearing loss and little to no information on detecting bile acids in the remote ear system, let alone baseline bile acid levels and their prevalence in healthy and disease conditions. This review presents both hydrophilic and hydrophobic human bile acids and their tissue-specific effects in modulating cellular integrity, thus considering the possible effects and extended therapeutic applicability of bile acids to the inner ear tissue.

Keywords: Cochlea, bile acids, bile acid receptors, hearing loss, micro RNAs, cellular stress.

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