Introduction: Rotavirus is one of the most prevalent causes of severe diarrhea around the world, which leads to hospitalizations and infant mortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy, side effects and types of rotavirus detected during monitoring after the application of 3-dose pentavalent rotavirus vaccines in Pediatric Polyclinic for Monitoring Healthy Children of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Material and Methods: In order to study the efficacy of rotavirus vaccine and determine G and P genotypes, rotavirus vaccine applied to infants of families who accepted the vaccination during the rotavirus season between May 2008 and June 2009. When infants have diarrhea, ELISA (Rotaclone Meridien, USA) method was used to determine whether the cause of the diarrhea was the rotavirus. The gathered data were analyzed with SPSS Version 11.5 statistical package program. Results: The study included 299 infants with rotavirus vaccine and 251 infants without rotavirus vaccine. 108 (19,9 %) of 543 monitored infants reportedly had diarrhea. While there was no statistically significant difference between the groups with and without rotavirus vaccination in terms of severe diarrhea (p = 1,000); the rate of moderate diarrhea for the group with rotavirus vaccination was lower than the non-vaccinated group with statistical significance (p = 0,22). Rotavirus (+) was detected by ELISA in 6 (9,5 %) of 63 stool samples. Three samples (50 %) belong to the group that received the rotavirus vaccine and 3 samples (50 %) belong to the group that did not receive the rotavirus vaccine. 3 of the 6 samples were determined by PAGE electropherotyping test were PCR (+). One sample with G1P [8], one sample with G4P [8] and one sample with G9 (+) were detected. G1P [8] and G4P [8] belong to the group who did not have rotavirus vaccine, and G9 (+) was in the vaccinated group. Discussion: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of 5-valent rotavirus vaccine. No difference was found between groups for preventing severe diarrhea, while we found out a statistically significant difference for moderate diarrhea. Further studies are necessary for the evaluation the effect of rotavirus vaccine on severe and very severe diarrhea.

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