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ISBN: 978-1-56700-537-0

ISBN Online: 978-1-56700-538-7

ISSN Online: 2377-424X

International Heat Transfer Conference 17
August, 14-18, 2023, Cape Town, South Africa

LEIDENFROST DROPLET DYNAMICS ON A SUPERHEATED LIQUID GALLIUM POOL

Get access (open in a dialog) DOI: 10.1615/IHTC17.140-20
8 pages

Abstract

Understanding the vapour film separating hot solid surfaces and liquids is important to many applications, such as nuclear reactor cooling and concentrated solar power. Our experiments investigate the influence of pool temperature, droplet temperature, and environmental factors on the dynamics and behaviours of droplets on a heated pool of liquid gallium below and beyond the Leidenfrost point. The experiments explore a fundamental understanding of the Leidenfrost effect on a high-surface tension fluid through various experiments and experimental conditions. On a gallium pool, the Leidenfrost effect is observed at a superheat (we define superheat as the surface temperature minus the fluid boiling temperature) of 140 °C for water and 105 °C for ethanol. Counterintuitively for water, we find that decreasing the initial temperature of the droplet increases the evaporation rate. We also find that for a gallium pool exposed to the atmosphere, a thin oxide layer encapsulates the pool. With water, we observe this oxide layer grow as the deposited droplet evaporates. After a sufficient time, these oxide layers built by evaporating water prevent heat transfer resulting in explosive droplet behaviours. This layer can be reduced with an environment rich in carbon dioxide and/or nitrogen gas. Furthermore, we observe that Faraday waves propagating on the surface of a Gallium pool influence the behaviours of the levitating droplets. With ethanol, these behaviours result in oscillation patterns cycling between an ellipsoidal and spherical shape. Such patterns were not observed for water as its high surface tension prevents significant oscillations in the droplet. Small droplets adopt a spherical shape, which flattens as the droplet radius increases. We also observe "chimney instability" for ethanol droplets, and we expect water to behave similarly; however, our experiments currently limit the radius of deposited droplets.