In order to improve the safety of arch kiln dwellings, a lining - anchor bolts reinforcement technology of arch kiln dwellings is proposed. Based on the numerical simulation research method, the mechanical behavior and stability of the reinforced arch kiln dwelling is analyzed, and the mechanical mechanism of the reinforcement system is studied. The study finds that the lining structure is a force-transmitting component, which can transmit the self-weight load of the kiln roof together with the arch structure. The reinforcement structure can effectively reduce the shear stress on the contact surface and change the distribution pattern of the shear stress. After the reinforcement of the kiln dwellings, the maximum strength reduction factor is increased from 2.0 to 5.6, and its stability is significantly improved. The bending moment of the vaults and the the outer kiln legs on the left and right sides and the arch foots of the lining structure is relatively large, and the steel mesh should be properly densified to increase the bending moment bearing capacity.