Influence of Amplitude-phase Error on MVDR Beamforming of Volume Array
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摘要: 体积阵是一种由多个水听器组成的立体阵列, 能够增大潜标接收基阵的孔径, 获得较大的空间增益, 工程中多将其制作成具有收合、展开功能的阵列应用于低频吊放声呐。由于各水听器通道内器件参数和幅度增益不一致, 体积阵的每个阵元接收到的信号之间存在幅相误差。文中通过建立存在幅相误差时的双圆环体积阵模型, 从统计学角度分析了幅相误差对其协方差矩阵、最小方差无畸变(MVDR)波束形成器的输出信噪比(SNR)、阵增益以及方位估计精度的影响。计算机仿真结果表明, 阵列幅相误差的存在会导致MVDR波束形成器的输出SNR和阵增益降低; 对于相位误差而言, 当输入SNR在−5 dB以上时, 这种影响随输入SNR的增大越来越明显; 对于幅度误差而言, 当输入SNR在−10 dB以上时, 幅度误差对MVDR波束形成器的输出SNR和阵增益的影响会更显著; 并且, 相比于幅度误差, MVDR波束形成的方位估计精度对相位误差更加敏感。Abstract: Volume array is a kind of three-dimensional array composed of multiple hydrophones, which can increase the aperture of the receiving array of the submarine target and obtain a large spatial gain. In engineering, it is often made into an array with the function of folding and expanding for dropping sonar at low frequency. Because the parameters and amplitude gain of the devices in each hydrophone channel are inconsistent, there are amplitude-phase errors between the signals received by each element of the volume array. In this study, a double-ring volume array model with amplitude-phase errors was established, and the effects of the amplitude-phase errors on the covariance matrix, as well as the output signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), array gain, and azimuth estimation accuracy of the minimum variance distortionless response(MVDR) beamformers, were statistically analyzed. The computer simulation results show that the existence of array amplitude-phase error will reduce the output SNR and array gain of MVDR beamformers. For phase error, when the input SNR is above −5 dB, the effect becomes more and more obvious with the increase in the input SNR. As for the amplitude error, when the input SNR is above −10 dB, the amplitude error has a more significant effect on the output SNR and array gain of MVDR beamformers. Moreover, the azimuth estimation accuracy of MVDR beamforming is more sensitive to the phase error than the amplitude error.
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图 3 输出SNR及阵增益随相位误差变化曲线
Figure 3. Variation of output SNR and array gain with phase error
图 4 输出SNR及阵增益随输入SNR变化曲线
Figure 4. Variation of output SNR and array gain with input SNR
图 5 方位估计标准差随相位误差变化曲线
Figure 5. Variation of azimuth estimated standard deviation with phase error
图 6 输出SNR及阵增益随幅度误差的变化曲线
Figure 6. Variation of output SNR and array gain with amplitude error
图 7 输出SNR与阵增益随输入SNR变化曲线
Figure 7. Variation of output SNR and array gain with input SNR
图 8 方位估计标准差随幅度误差变化曲线
Figure 8. Variation of azimuth estimated standard deviation with amplitude error
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