SU Yanli,LI Pei,YANG Jian,et al.Study on Chemical Flower Thinning of Korla Pear[J].Northern Horticulture,2023,(23):37-44.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20231587]
香梨化学疏花的研究
- Title:
- Study on Chemical Flower Thinning of Korla Pear
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2023)23-0037-08
- 分类号:
- S 661.2
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以五年生库尔勒香梨为试材，采用在初花期、盛花期、盛花末期喷施不同浓度的硫代硫酸铵（ATS）、石硫合剂、硫脲、智舒优花进行疏花处理的方法，以喷施清水作为对照，研究了不同疏花处理对库尔勒香梨疏花效果及果实品质的影响，以期为香梨生产中科学进行化学疏花提供参考依据。结果表明：ATS不同浓度处理后，空台率与对照相比显著提高，花序坐果率与对照相比显著下降，果实单果质量、果形指数、心果比、可溶性固形物等与对照差异不显著。疏花效果相对较好的是处理T3（ATS1.50%，第一个花瓣脱落时喷第1次，2~4 d后喷第2次），花序坐果率48.66%。石硫合剂不同浓度处理后，疏花效果较好的为T6（100倍液，盛花初期、盛花期各喷1次），空台率与对照相比显著提高，花序坐果率显著低于对照，为36.75%，单果率显著高于对照，为75.71%，比对照提高了37.58%。不同处理使果形更端正，对果实内在品质无不利影响。硫脲不同浓度处理后，对香梨的幼嫩组织有伤害。智舒优花不同浓度处理后，疏花效果较好的是T12，空台率最高，比对照提高了104.65%。花序坐果率为33.61%，与对照相比降低了50.25%。单果率71.09%，与对照相比提高了29.18%。果形指数显著低于对照，使果形更端正，对果实内在品质无不利影响。综上，ATS、石硫合剂、硫脲和智舒优花均能对香梨花朵进行有效疏除，综合单双果率和果实品质，疏花效果依次为T12>T6>T3。
- Abstract:
- The 5-year-old Korla pear tree was used as the experimental material,different concentrations of ammonium thiosulfate (ATS),lime sulfur,thiourea and Zhishuyouhua were sprayed at the early flowering stage,full flowering stage and late flowering stage respectively for flower thinning treatment,and spraying water was used as the control.The effects of different flower thinning treatments on flower thinning effect and fruit quality of Korla pear were studied,in order to provide reference for scientific chemical flower thinning in pear production.The results showed that,after treatment with different concentrations of ATS,the empty bourse rate was significantly increased compared with the control,and the inflorescence fruit setting rate was significantly decreased compared with the control.There was no significant difference in single fruit weight,fruit shape index,heart fruit ratio and soluble solids compared with the control.The best flower thinning effect was T3 (ATS1.50%,spraying the first time when the first petal fell off,spraying the second time after 2-4 days),and the fruit setting rate of inflorescence was 48.66%.After treatment with different concentrations of lime sulfur ,the best flower thinning effect was T6 (100 times liquid,spraying once at the early stage of full bloom and full bloom).The empty bourse rate was significantly higher than that of the control,the fruit setting rate of inflorescence was significantly lower than that of the control,which was 36.75%,and the single fruit rate was significantly higher than that of the control,which was 75.71%,which was 37.58% higher than that of the control.Different treatments made the fruit shape more correct and had no adverse effect on the internal quality of fruit.After treatment with different concentrations of thiourea,the young tissues of pear were damaged.After different concentrations of Zhishuyouhua,the best flower thinning effect was T12,and the empty bourse rate was the highest,which was 104.65% higher than that of the control.The fruit setting rate of inflorescence was 33.61%,which was 50.25% lower than that of the control.The single fruit rate was 71.09%,which was 29.18% higher than that of the control.The fruit shape index was significantly lower than that of the control,which made the fruit shape more correct and had no adverse effect on the internal quality of the fruit.In summary,ATS,lime sulfur ,thiourea and ZhishuYouhua could effectively remove the flowers of Korla pear.Considering the single and double fruit rate and fruit quality,the effect of flower thinning was T12>T6>T3.
参考文献/References:
［1］李先明,秦仲麒,涂俊凡,等.西北地区梨主要树形冠层结构调查分析［J］.中国南方果树,2018,47(S1):67-71.［2］丁想,周伟权,麦合木提·图如普,等.库尔勒香梨两种树形对果实品质及产量的影响［J］.北方园艺,2021(8):17-22.［3］冯宇辉,李悦,丁想,等.不同施肥处理对库尔勒香梨果实产量和品质的影响［J］.北方园艺,2021(13):52-57.［4］孟玉平,曹秋芬,横田清,等.钙化合物对苹果疏花疏果的效应［J］.果树学报,2002,19(6):365-368.［5］王艳丽.两种化学疏花剂在苹果上的应用研究［D］.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011.［6］王娜娜,李前进,韩玉侠,等.陕西洛川苹果园两种疏花疏果剂应用调查［J］.西北园艺(果树),2021(6):51-52.［7］汪景彦,李希林,李华涛.“智舒优花”对长富2号苹果疏花的效果［J］.果农之友,2020(8):2-3.［8］石丝.不同疏花疏果剂对‘大五星’枇杷花果疏除效应的研究［D］.成都:四川农业大学,2018.［9］薛晓敏,路超,聂佩显,等.果树化学疏花疏果研究进展［J］.江西农业学报,2012,24(2):52-57［10］雷远,梁俊,彭婷,等.3种疏花剂对‘嘎啦’苹果的疏花效应［J］.西北农业学报,2018,27(3):378-383.［11］薛晓敏,王金政,陈汝,等.萘乙酸对3个苹果品种的疏果效应试验［J］.落叶果树,2016,48(4):3-5.［12］王安丽,李文胜,周文静,等.不同化学疏果剂对‘富士’苹果的疏除效果及品质影响［J］.天津农业科学,2021,27(3):17-24,28.［13］陆金珍.昆明地区苹果、梨对不同化学疏除剂的响应研究［D］.昆明:西南林业大学,2013.［14］BYERS R E,LYONS J C G.Peach flower thinning and possible sites of action of desiccating chemicals［J］.Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1985,110(5):662-667.［15］于登杰,李桂芝.三种药剂对鸭梨花果疏除效应的研究［J］.北方果树,1990(2):37-38［16］杨刚,张杰,田佶,等.3种疏除剂在梨树疏花疏果上的效应［J］.北京农学院学报,2017,32(1):18-23.［17］陆金珍,石卓功,和润喜,等.苹果和红梨化学疏花疏果效应及其胚胎学机制研究［J］.北方园艺,2013(24):100-106.［18］孟玉平,曹秋芬,横田清.两种疏花剂对苹果授粉受精过程的影响［J］.园艺学报,2003,30(4):384-388,504-505.［19］聂佩显,薛晓敏,陈浪波,等.威海金苹果化学疏花效果试验［J］.落叶果树,2019,51(5):12-13.
相似文献/References:
[1]刘 茂,柴仲平,盛建东,等.施用有机肥对库尔勒香梨叶片营养元素及果实产量、品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(10):159.
LIU Mao,CHAI Zhong-ping,SHENG Jian-dong,et al.Effect of Organic Fertilizer on the Elements of Leaves and the Yield，Quality of Korla Fragrant Pear[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(23):159.
[2]柴仲平,王雪梅,陈波浪,等.基于库尔勒香梨叶片营养分析的诊断施肥[J].北方园艺,2014,38(02):29.
CHAI Zhong- ping,WANG Xue- mei,CHEN Bo- lang,et al.Study on Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System Norms Based on Leaves Nutrition Analysis of Korla Fragrant Pear[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(23):29.
[3]赵菁,覃伟铭,李龙飞,等.不同栽植密度对库尔勒香梨光合荧光特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(06):27.
ZHAO Jing,QIN Wei-ming,LI Long-fei,et al.Influence of Different Planting Densities on Photosynthetic and Fluorescent Characteristics of Korla Fragrant Pear[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(23):27.
[4]郭 靖,张王斌,张 琦,等.五种杀菌剂对库尔勒香梨腐烂病的防效[J].北方园艺,2014,38(11):103.
GUO Jing,ZHANG Wang-bin,ZHANG Qi,et al.Control Effect of Five Fungicides Rot Disease Prevention on Korla Pear[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(23):103.
[5]柴仲平,王雪梅,陈波浪,等.氮磷钾肥配施对香梨膨果期光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(17):171.
CHAI Zhong-ping,WANG Xue-mei,CHEN Bo-lang,et al.Influence of Different Treatments of N,P,K on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Fruit Enlargement Stage of Korla Fragrant Pear[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(23):171.
[6]李萍,王雪梅,柴仲平,等.库尔勒香梨生育期长势与产量的监测[J].北方园艺,2013,37(05):17.
LI Ping,WANG Xue-mei,CHAI Zhong-ping,et al.Monitoring on Growth and Yield of Korla Fragrant Pear in Growth Period[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(23):17.
[7]柴仲平,王雪梅,陈波浪,等.香梨不同生长期光合特性日变化研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(06):1.
CHAI Zhong-ping,WANG Xue-mei,CHEN Bo-lang,et al.Research on Diurnal Variations of Photosynthetic Characteristics Pyrus bretschneideri Under Different Growth Stages[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(23):1.
[8]玉苏甫·阿不力提甫,牙库甫·沙德尔,阿迪力?吐尔逊,等.不同地区库尔勒香梨品质比较研究[J].北方园艺,2012,36(18):42.
Yusufu?ABULITIFU,Yakefu?SHADEER,Adili?TUERSUN,et al.Study on Quality of Korla Sweet Pear in Different Areas[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,36(23):42.
[9]柴仲平,王雪梅,孙霞,等.不同缺素处理对香梨坐果期光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(02):15.
CHAI Zhong-ping,WANG Xue-mei,SUN Xia,et al.Influence of Photosynthetic Characteristics on Fruit Setting Stage of Korla FragrantPear Under Different Element Deficiency Treatments[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(23):15.
[10]冯云霄,关军锋,李世强,等.库尔勒香梨萼端腐烂与Ca、Mg、K营养的关系[J].北方园艺,2015,39(02):104.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201502029]
FENG Yun-xiao,GUAN Jun-feng,LI Shi-qiang,et al.The Relationship Between the Calyx end Rot and Ca，Mg，K Nutrition in Korla Fragrant Pear[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(23):104.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201502029]
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：苏艳丽（1979-），女，硕士，副研究员，现主要从事梨种质资源评价与栽培技术及果实多酚物质等研究工作。E-mail：suyanli@caas.cn.责任作者：薛华柏（1981-），男，博士，副研究员，硕士生导师，现主要从事梨种质资源研究及遗传育种与配套栽培技术研发等研究工作。E-mail：xuehuabai@caas.cn.基金项目：新疆生产建设兵团重大科技资助项目（2019AA004）；新疆生产建设兵团重点领域科技攻关资助项目（2018AB035）；河南省重大科技专项资助项目（221100110400）；国家梨产业技术体系建设专项资助项目(CARS-29-01A)；中国农业科学院科技创新工程资助项目(CAAS-ASTIP)。收稿日期：2023-05-09