Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of common respiratory diseases, characterized by persistent and progressive airflow obstruction. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and imposes enormous economic and social burdens. With the continuous progress and development of scientific technology, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest has important application value in the diagnosis and evaluation of COPD patients. In this article, we reviewed the relevant researches on the quantitative HRCT parameters in the diagnosis and evaluation for acute exacerbation and complications among COPD patients.