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The Last Glacial Maximum on Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jan Mangerud ,
Magne Bolstad ,
Anne Elgersma ,
Dag Helliksen ,
Jon Y. Landvik ,
Ida Lønne ,
Anne Katrine Lycke ,
Otto Salvigsen ,
Tom Sandahl  and
John Inge Svendsen
Jan Mangerud
Affiliation:
University of Bergen, Department of Geology, Section B, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
Magne Bolstad
Affiliation:
University of Bergen, Department of Geology, Section B, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
Anne Elgersma
Affiliation:
University of Bergen, Department of Geology, Section B, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
Dag Helliksen
Affiliation:
University of Bergen, Department of Geology, Section B, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
Jon Y. Landvik
Affiliation:
University of Bergen, Department of Geology, Section B, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
Ida Lønne
Affiliation:
University of Bergen, Department of Geology, Section B, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
Anne Katrine Lycke
Affiliation:
University of Bergen, Department of Geology, Section B, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
Otto Salvigsen
Affiliation:
Norwegian Polar Research Institute, P.O. Box 158, N-1330 Oslo Lufthavn, Norway
Tom Sandahl
Affiliation:
University of Bergen, Department of Geology, Section B, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
John Inge Svendsen
Affiliation:
University of Bergen, Department of Geology, Section B, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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Abstract

Most scientists have concluded previously that the west coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, remained ice-free during the late Weichselian, between 25,000 and 10,000 yr B.P. We conclude that the glaciation was more extensive. Terraces that were postulated to have been ice-free are covered by a thin, late Weichselian till. Sudden drop in the marine limit and basal radiocarbon dates of raised glaciomarine sediments demonstrates that the glaciers in the main fjords, Isfjorden and Van Mijenfjorden, terminated west (outside) of the fjord mouths. Basal radiocarbon dates from glaciomarine clay above till in cores from the continental shelf west of Spitsbergen yielded ages of about 12,500 yr B.P., from which we conclude that the ice extended to the shelf edge. Based on the extent of amino acid diagenesis in radiocarbon-dated molluscs, the duration of the maximum extension of the late Weichselian glaciation was short, certainly less than 10,000 years. During the ice-free period preceding that glaciation, at least back to 40,000 yr B.P., the glaciers on Svalbard were not significantly larger than at present, as shown by marine deposits close to the glacier snouts. Many radiocarbon dates place deglaciation of the outer coast at about 12,500 yr B.P. At about 10,000 yr B.P., the rest of the archipelago rapidly became ice-free.

Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 38 , Issue 1 , July 1992 , pp. 1 - 31
Copyright
University of Washington

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