Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of Lead on Reproductive Physiology and Gonad and Liver Histology of Female Cyprinus carpio

  • Published:
Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Sera 17β-estradiol (E2), 11-ketotestesteron (11-KT) and 17,20-β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20βP) levels together with histological changes in liver and gonad tissues were determined after exposing sexually mature female C.carpio to 0.13 and 0.26 mg L− 1 lead for 7, 14 and 21 days. Effects of lead on hepatosomatic - gonadosomatic indices of female fish were also determined after these exposure periods. No statistically significant differences were found between the E2, 11-KT and 17,20βP levels of control and lead exposed fish at the exposure periods tested. GSI values increased after exposure to high levels of Pb for 14 days and HSI values decreased after exposure to high levels of Pb after 7 and 21 days. Histopathological inspection showed dilatation in bile ducts and sinusoids, central vein congestions and pigment accumulation. Moreover melanomacrophage centres were determined in the centre of liver parenchyma on day 21. No distinct pathology was observable in ovary tissues compared to controls. No endocrine disrupted characteristic, widespread pathologic disruption and effect on ovary tissues were detected in female C.carpio exposed to the mentioned concentrations of Pb at the periods studied.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdel-Moneim AM, Al-Kahtani MA, Elmenshawy OM (2012) Histopathological biomarkers in gills and liver of Oreochromis niloticus from polluted wetland environments. Saudi Arab Chemosphere 88:1028–1035

    Google Scholar 

  • Alam M, Maughan O (1992) The effect of malathion, diazinon, and various concentrations of zinc, copper, nickel, lead, iron, and mercury on fish . Biol Trace Elem Res 34:225–236

    Google Scholar 

  • Arellano JM, Storch V, Sarasquete C (1999) Histological changes and copper accumulation in liver and gills of the Senegales sole Solea senegalensis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 44:62–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Barannikova I, Bayunova L, Semenkova T (2004) Serum levels of testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone and oestradiol‐17β in three species of sturgeon during gonadal development and final maturation induced by hormonal treatment. J Fish Biol 64:1330–1338

    Google Scholar 

  • Biswas S, Ghosh AR (2016) Lead induced histological alterations in ovarian tissue of freshwater teleost Mastacembelus pancalus (Hamilton. Int J Adv Sci Res 2:45–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Camargo MM, Martinez CB (2007) Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream. Neotropical Ichthyol 5:327–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Celander MC (2011) Cocktail effects on biomarker responses in fish. Aquat Toxicol 105:72–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Choe S-Y, Kim S-J, Kim H-G, Lee JH, Choi Y, Lee H, Kim Y (2003) Evaluation of estrogenicity of major heavy metals. Sci Total Environ 312:15–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi SM, Yoo SD, Lee BM (2004) Toxicological characteristics of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: developmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity. J Toxicol Environ Health Part B 7:1–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa PM et al (2009) Histological biomarkers in liver and gills of juvenile Solea senegalensis exposed to contaminated estuarine sediments: a weighted indices approach. Aquat Toxicol 92:202–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson A (2000) Mechanisms of endocrine disruption with particular reference to occurrence in avian wildlife: a review. Ecotoxicology 9:59–69

    Google Scholar 

  • do Carmo Silva JP, da Costa MR, Araújo FG (2019) Energy acquisition and allocation to the gonadal development of Cynoscion leiachus (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) in a tropical Brazilian bay. Mar Biol Res 15:170–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Drevnick PE, Sandheinrich MB (2003) Effects of dietary methylmercury on reproductive endocrinology of fathead minnows. Environ Sci Technol 37:4390–4396

    Google Scholar 

  • Driessnack MK, Jamwal A, Niyogi S (2017) Effects of chronic waterborne cadmium and zinc interactions on tissue-specific metal accumulation and reproduction in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 140:65–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebrahimi M, Taherianfard M (2010) Concentration of four heavy metals (cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic) in organs of two cyprinid fish (Cyprinus carpio and Capoeta sp.) from the Kor River. (Iran) Environ Monit Assess 168:575–585

  • Ebrahimi M, Taherianfard M (2011) The effects of heavy metals exposure on reproductive systems of cyprinid fish from Kor River Iranian. J Fish Sci 10:13–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Fent K, Stegeman JJ (1991) Effects of tributyltin chloride in vitro on the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system in the fish Stenotomus chrysops. Aquat Toxicol 20:159–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedmann A, Watzin M, Leiter J, Brinck-Johnsen T (1996) Effects of environmental mercury on gonadal function in Lake Champlain northern pike (Esox lucius). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 56:486–492

    Google Scholar 

  • Gautam GJ, Chaube R (2018) Differential effects of heavy metals (Cadmium, Cobalt, Lead and Mercury) on oocyte maturation and ovulation of the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis: an in vitro study Turkish. J Fish Aquat Sci 18:1205–1214

    Google Scholar 

  • Georgescu B, Georgescu C, Dărăban S, Bouaru A, Paşcalău S (2011) Heavy metals acting as endocrine disrupters. Sci Pap Anim Sci Biotechnol 44:89–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghasemi A, Zahediasl S (2012) Normality tests for statistical analysis: a guide for non-statisticians. Int J Endocrinol Metab 10:486

    Google Scholar 

  • Goksøyr A (2006) Endocrine disruptors in the marine environment: mechanisms of toxicity and their influence on reproductive processes in fish. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 69:175–184

    Google Scholar 

  • Guével RL, Petit F, Goff PL, Métivier R, Valotaire Y, Pakdel F (2000) Inhibition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) estrogen receptor activity by cadmium. Biol Reprod 63:259–266

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath AG (1995) Water pollution and fish physiology. CRC Press, Boca Raton

  • Hong Y, Yu B, Sherman M, Yuan Y-C, Zhou D, Chen S (2007) Molecular basis for the aromatization reaction and exemestane-mediated irreversible inhibition of human aromatase. Mol Endocrinol 21:401–414

    Google Scholar 

  • Iavicoli I, Fontana L, Bergamaschi A (2009) The effects of metals as endocrine disruptors. J Toxicol Environ Health Part B 12:206–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen MS, Nagel SC, Miranda PJ, Lobenhofer EK, Afshari CA, McDonnell DP (2004) Short-chain fatty acids enhance nuclear receptor activity through mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and histone deacetylase inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci 101:7199–7204

    Google Scholar 

  • Jobling S, Tyler CR (2003) Endocrine disruption in wild freshwater fish. Pure Appl Chem 75:2219–2234

    Google Scholar 

  • Katti SR, Sathyanesan A (1987) Lead nitrate-induced nuclear inclusions in the oocytes of the catfish Clarias batrachus (L). Environ Res (United States) 44

  • Khan I, Thomas P (2000) Lead and Aroclor 1254 disrupt reproductive neuroendocrine function in Atlantic croaker. Mar Environ Res 50:119–123

    Google Scholar 

  • Kime DE (1995) The effects of pollution on reproduction in fish. Rev Fish Biol Fish 5:52–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Kime DE (2012) Endocrine disruption in fish. Springer Science & Business Media, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kloas W, Lutz I, Einspanier R (1999) Amphibians as a model to study endocrine disruptors: II. Estrogenic activity of environmental chemicals in vitro and in vivo. Sci Total Environ 225:59–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Pant S (1984) Comparative effects of the sublethal poisoning of zinc, copper and lead on the gonads of the teleost Puntius conchonius. Ham Toxicol Lett 23:189–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunz PY, Fent K (2006) Estrogenic activity of UV filter mixtures. Toxicol Appl Pharmcol 217:86–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Levesque HM, Dorval J, Hontela A, Van Der Kraak GJ, Campbell PG (2003) Hormonal, morphological, and physiological responses of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) to chronic environmental metal exposures. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 66:657–676

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo Y et al (2015) Subchronic effects of cadmium on the gonads, expressions of steroid hormones and sex-related genes in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Ecotoxicology 24:2213–2223

    Google Scholar 

  • Mantovani A, Stazi A, Macri C, Maranghi F, Ricciardi C (1999) Problems in testing and risk assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals with regard to developmental toxicology. Chemosphere 39:1293–1300

    Google Scholar 

  • Maqbool F, Mostafalou S, Bahadar H, Abdollahi M (2016) Review of endocrine disorders associated with environmental toxicants and possible involved mechanisms. Life Sci 145:265–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Mela M, Randi M, Ventura D, Carvalho C, Pelletier E, Ribeiro CO (2007) Effects of dietary methylmercury on liver and kidney histology in the neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 68:426–435

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishra AK, Mohanty B (2008) Acute toxicity impacts of hexavalent chromium on behavior and histopathology of gill, kidney and liver of the freshwater fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 26:136–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Muramoto S (1983) Elimination of copper from Cu-contaminated fish by long‐term exposure to EDTA and fresh water. J Environ Sci Health Part A 18:455–461

    Google Scholar 

  • Oishi S (2002) Effects of propyl paraben on the male reproductive system. Food Chem Toxicol 40:1807–1813

    Google Scholar 

  • Olojo E, Olurin K, Mbaka G, Oluwemimo A (2005) Histopathology of the gill and liver tissues of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus exposed to lead African. J Biotechnol 4:117–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulos P, Runnalls TJ, Nallani G, La Point T, Scott AP, Sumpter JP, Huggett DB (2010) Reproductive responses in fathead minnow and Japanese medaka following exposure to a synthetic progestin Norethindrone. Aquat Toxicol 99:256–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Poleksic V, Lenhardt M, Jaric I, Djordjevic D, Gacic Z, Cvijanovic G, Raskovic B (2010) Liver, gills, and skin histopathology and heavy metal content of the Danube sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758) . Environ Toxicol Chem 29:515–521

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabitto I et al (2005) Effects of dietary Pb (II) and tributyltin on neotropical fish, Hoplias malabaricus: histopathological and biochemical findings. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 60:147–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Raldúa D, Díez S, Bayona JM, Barceló D (2007) Mercury levels and liver pathology in feral fish living in the vicinity of a mercury cell chlor-alkali factory. Chemosphere 66:1217–1225

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotchell J, Ostrander G (2003) Molecular markers of endocrine disruption in aquatic organisms. J Toxicol Environ Health Part B 6:453–496

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy D, Palangat M, Chen C-W, Thomas RD, Colerangle J, Atkinson A, Yan Z-J (1997) Biochemical and molecular changes at the cellular level in response to exposure to environmental estrogen-like chemicals. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 50:1–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruby S, Hull R, Anderson P (2000) Sublethal lead affects pituitary function of rainbow trout during exogenous vitellogenesis. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 38:46–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Short S, Meyers TR (2001) Histology for finfish NWFHS laboratory procedures manual Version 1

  • Singh H (1989) Interaction of xenobiotics with reproductive endocrine functions in a protogynous teleost Monopterus albus. Mar Environ Res 28:285–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoica A, Katzenellenbogen BS, Martin MB (2000) Activation of estrogen receptor-α by the heavy metal cadmium. Mol Endocrinol 14:545–553

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas P (1988) Reproductive endocrine function in female Atlantic croaker exposed to pollutants. Mar Environ Res 24:179–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas P (1990) Teleost model for studying the effects of chemicals on female reproductive endocrine function. J Exp Zool 256:126–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Tseng C-H, Chong C-K, Tseng C-P, Hsueh Y-M, Chiou H-Y, Tseng C-C, Chen C-J (2003) Long-term arsenic exposure and ischemic heart disease in arseniasis-hyperendemic villages in Taiwan. Toxicol Lett 137:15–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Tulasi S, Reddy P, Rao JR (1989) Effects of lead on the spawning potential of the fresh water fish Anabas testudineus. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 43:858–863

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Dyk J, Pieterse G, Van Vuren J (2007) Histological changes in the liver of Oreochromis mossambicus (Cichlidae) after exposure to cadmium and zinc . Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 66:432–440

    Google Scholar 

  • Velma V, Tchounwou PB (2010) Chromium-induced biochemical, genotoxic and histopathologic effects in liver and kidney of goldfish Carassius auratus. Mutat Res/Genetic Toxicology Environmental Mutagenesis 698:43–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinodhini R, Narayanan M (2009) Heavy Metal Induced Histopathological Alterations in Selected Organs of the Cyprinus carpio L.(Common Carp). Int J Environ Res 3

  • Weber D (1993) Exposure to sublethal levels of waterborne lead alters reproductive behavior patterns in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas. Neurotoxicology 14:347–358

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamaguchi S et al (2007) Effects of lead, molybdenum, rubidium, arsenic and organochlorines on spermatogenesis in fish: Monitoring at Mekong Delta area and in vitro experiment. Aquat Toxicol 83:43–51

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was funded by Research Project Coordination Unit of Mersin University (2016-2-TP3-1835).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University, 33169, Mersin, Turkey

    Cengiz Korkmaz, Özcan Ay & Ahmet Erdem Dönmez

  2. Advanced Technology Education, Research and Application Center, Mersin University, 33110, Mersin, Turkey

    Burcu Demirbağ

  3. Faculty of Science and Letters, Biology Department, Çukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey

    Cahit Erdem

Authors
  1. Cengiz Korkmaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Özcan Ay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ahmet Erdem Dönmez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Burcu Demirbağ
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Cahit Erdem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cengiz Korkmaz.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

Authors Cengiz Korkmaz, Özcan Ay, Ahmet Erdem Dönmez and Cahit Erdem declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Korkmaz, C., Ay, Ö., Dönmez, A.E. et al. Influence of Lead on Reproductive Physiology and Gonad and Liver Histology of Female Cyprinus carpio. Thalassas 36, 597–606 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-020-00232-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-020-00232-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation