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Range expansion and lineage admixture of the Japanese evergreen tree Machilus thunbergii in central Japan

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Abstract

We investigated the range expansion histories of Machilus thunbergii populations in the Kinki region of central Japan on the basis of nuclear microsatellite data. In the Kinki region, M. thunbergii is typically found in the coastal area, with some fragmented populations inland, around Lake Biwa. Phylogenetic and Bayesian clustering analysis (STRUCTURE analysis) revealed that the inland populations have different genetic components between the west and east sides of Lake Biwa. The population located on the north side of the lake has an admixture of the two genetically differentiated lineages, contributing to an increase in the genetic diversity of the population. Populations around Lake Biwa had lost rare alleles and the F value obtained from STRUCTURE analysis was lower in the coastal populations than in the lake populations. These results suggest that populations around Lake Biwa experienced a bottleneck due to a founder effect during the initial migration to the lake and that glacial refugia of M. thunbergii in the Kinki region existed along the coast.

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Acknowledgments

We thank S. Tsukiyama and D. Kado for their help in collecting samples, and M. Yokogawa for helpful comments on data analysis. We are indebt to E. Hamabata for provision of reference documents. We also thank T. Nishida and two anonymous reviewers for helping to improve the manuscript. This research was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 21310152) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Shiga Prefecture, Environmental Science, Hikone, Japan

    Shuntaro Watanabe

  2. Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute, 5-34 Yanagasaki Otsu, Shiga, 520-0022, Japan

    Yuko Kaneko

  3. Osaka Sangyo University, Osaka, Japan

    Yuri Maesako

  4. University of Shiga prefecture, Shiga, Japan

    Naohiko Noma

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  1. Shuntaro Watanabe
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Correspondence to Yuko Kaneko.

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Watanabe, S., Kaneko, Y., Maesako, Y. et al. Range expansion and lineage admixture of the Japanese evergreen tree Machilus thunbergii in central Japan. J Plant Res 127, 709–720 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-014-0650-2

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