Abstract
In the present study, to establish the optimum gelatin extraction conditions from pangasius catfish (Pangasius sutchi) bone, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a 4-factor, 5-level Central Composite Design (CCD) was conducted. The model equation was proposed with regard to the effects of HCl concentration (%, X1), treatment time (h, X2), extraction temperature (°C, X3) and extraction time (h, X4) as independent variables on the hydroxyproline recovery (%, Y) as dependent variable. X 1 = 2.74 %, X 2 = 21.15 h, X 3 = 74.73 °C and X 4 = 5.26 h were found to be the optimum conditions to obtain the highest hydroxyproline recovery (68.75 %). The properties of optimized catfish bone gelatin were characterized by amino acid analysis, SDS-PAGE, gel strength, TPA and viscosity in comparison to bovine skin gelatin. The result of SDS-PAGE revealed that pangasius catfish bone gelatin consisted of at least 2 different polypeptides (α1 and α2 chains) and their cross-linked chains. Moreover, the pangasius catfish bone gelatin was found to contain 17.37 (g/100 g) imino acids (proline and hydroxyproline). Pangasius catfish bone gelatin also indicated physical properties comparable with that of bovine and higher than those from cold water fish gelatin. Based on the results of the present study, there is a potential for exploitation of pangasius catfish bone for gelatin production. Furthermore, RSM provided the best method for optimizing the gelatin extraction parameters.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alfaro AT, Costa CS, Fonseca GG, Prentice C (2009) Effect of extraction parameters on the properties of gelatin from King weakfish (Macrodon ancylodon) bones. Food Sci Tech Int 15:553–562
AOAC (2005) Official Methods of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemist’s International, 17th edn. AOAC International, Gaithersburg
Arnesen JA, Gildberg A (2007) Extraction and characterisation of gelatine from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) skin. Bioresour Technol 98:53–57
Binsi PK, Shamasundar BA, Dileep AO, Badii F, Howell NK (2009) Rheological and functional properties of gelatin from the skin of Bigeye snapper (Priacanthus hamrur) fish: influence of gelatin on the gel forming ability of fish mince. Food Hydrocoll 23:132–145
BSI (1975) Methods for sampling and testing gelatin (physical and chemical methods). British Standards Institution, London
Cheow CS, Norizah MS, Kyaw ZY, Howell NK (2007) Preparation and characterisation of gelatins from the skins of sin croaker (Johnius dussumieri) and shortfin scad (Decapterus macrosoma). Food Chem 101:386–391
Department of Fisheries Malaysia (2007) Estimated aquaculture production from freshwater culture system by species. http://www.dof.gov.my/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=07ab7a5d-908b-4c15-9927-874ff729490e&groupId=10131
Ghassem M, Siau Fern S, Said M, Mohd Ali Z, Ibrahim S, Salam Babji A (2011) Kinetic characterization of Channa striatus muscle sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein hydrolysates. J Food Sci Technol. doi:10.1007/s1319701105266
Gilsenan PM, Ross-Murphy SB (2000) Rheological characterization of gelatins from mammalian and marine sources. Food Hydrocoll 14:191–195
GME (2008) Gelatin Manufacturers of Europe. http://www.gelatine.org/en/gelatine/overview/127.htm
Gómez-Guillén MC, Turnay J, Fernández-Díaz MD, Ulmo N, Lizarbe MA, Montero P (2002) Structural and physical properties of gelatin extracted from different marine species. Food Hydrocoll 16:25–34
Gómez-Guillén MC, Pérez-Mateos M, Gómez-Estaca J, López-Caballero E, Giménez B, Montero P (2009) Fish gelatin: a renewable material for the development of active biodegradable films. Trends Food Sci Technol 20:3–16
Gómez-Guillén MC, Giménez B, López-Caballero ME, Montero MP (2011) Functional and bioactive properties of collagen and gelatin from alternative sources: a review. Food Hydrocoll 25:1813–1827
Gudmundsson M, Hafsteinsson H (1997) Gelatin from cod skins as affected by chemical treatments. J Food Sci 62:37–47
Jamilah B, Harvinder KG (2002) Properties of gelatins from skins of fish black tilapia (Oreochromis mossanbicus) and red tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica). Food Chem 77:81–84
Jones NR (1977) Uses of gelatin in edible products. In: Ward AG, Courts A (eds) The science and technology of gelatin. Academic, London, pp 365–394
Karim A, Bhat R (2009) Fish gelatin: properties, challenges, and prospects as an alternative to mammalian gelatins. Food Hydrocoll 23:563–576
Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 277:680–685
Liu HY, Han J, Guo SD (2009) Characteristics of the gelatin extracted from Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus) head bones. LWT-Food Sci Technol 42:540–544
Montero P, Gómez-Guillén MC (2000) Extracting conditions for megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii) skin collagen affect functional properties of the resulting gelatin. J Food Sci 65:434–438
Muyonga JH, Cole CGB, Duodub KG (2004) Extraction and physical-chemical characterization of Nile perch (Lates niloticus) skin and bone gelatin. Food Hydrocoll 18:581–592
Myers RH, Montgomery DC (2002) Response surface methodology. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York
Pye J (1996) Gelatin—the scientific approach to product quality. Food Aust 48:414–416
Rafieian F, Keramat J, Kadivar M (2011) Optimization of gelatin extraction from chicken deboner residue using RSM method. J Food Sci Technol. doi:10.1007/s1319701103557
Rawdkuen S, Sai-Ut S, Benjakul S (2010) Properties of gelatin films from giant catfish skin and bovine bone: a comparative study. Eur Food Res Technol 231:907–916
Schrieber R, Gareis H (2007) Gelatine handbook: theory and industrial practice. Wiley-VCH, Germany
See SF, Hong PK, Ng KL, Wan Aida WM, Babji AS (2010) Physicochemical properties of gelatins extracted from skins of different freshwater fish species. Int Food Res J 17:809–816
Sikorski E (2001) Chemical and functional properties of food components. Gdan’sk University of Technology, Poland
Sims TJ, Bailey AJ, Field DS (1997) The chemical basis of molecular weight differences in gelatins. The Imaging Sci J 45:171–177
Skierka E, Sadowska M, Karwowska A (2007) Optimization of condition for demineralization Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) backbone. Food Chem 105:215–218
Taheri A, Abedian Kenari AM, Gildberg A, Behnam S (2009) Extraction and physicochemical characterization of greater lizardfish (Saurida tumbil) skin and bone gelatin. J Food Sci 74:160–165
Wangtueai S, Noomhorm A (2009) Processing optimization and characterization of gelatin from lizardfish (Saurida spp.) scales. LWT-Food Sci Technol 42:825–834
Yang H, Wang Y, Jiang M, Oh JH, Herring J, Zhou P (2007) 2-Step optimization of the extraction and subsequent physical properties of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) skin gelatin. J Food Sci 72:188–195
Zelechowska E, Sadowska M, Turk M (2010) Isolation and some properties of collagen from the backbone of Baltic cod (Gadus morhua). Food Hydrocoll 24:325–329
Zhou P, Regenstein JM (2005) Effects of alkaline and acid pretreatments on Alaska pollock skin gelatin extraction. J Food Sci 70:392–396
Zhou P, Regenstein JM (2007) Comparison of water gel desserts from fish skin and pork gelatins using instrumental measurements. J Food Sci 72:196–201
Zhou P, Mulvaney SJ, Regenstein JM (2006) Properties of Alaskan pollock skin gelatin: a comparison with Tilapia and pork skin gelatins. J Food Sci 71:313–321
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to the National University of Malaysia (UKM) for the financial support under the grant, STGL-009-2008.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mahmoodani, F., Ardekani, V.S., See, S.F. et al. Optimization and physical properties of gelatin extracted from pangasius catfish (Pangasius sutchi) bone. J Food Sci Technol 51, 3104–3113 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-012-0816-7
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-012-0816-7