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The application of satellite differential SAR interferometry-derived ground displacements in hydrogeology

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Abstract

The application of satellite differential synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry, principally coherent (InSAR) and to a lesser extent, persistent-scatterer (PSI) techniques to hydrogeologic studies has improved capabilities to map, monitor, analyze, and simulate groundwater flow, aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence. A number of investigations over the previous decade show how the spatially detailed images of ground displacements measured with InSAR have advanced hydrogeologic understanding, especially when a time series of images is used in conjunction with histories of changes in water levels and management practices. Important advances include: (1) identifying structural or lithostratigraphic boundaries (e.g. faults or transitional facies) of groundwater flow and deformation; (2) defining the material and hydraulic heterogeneity of deforming aquifer-systems; (3) estimating system properties (e.g. storage coefficients and hydraulic conductivities); and (4) constraining numerical models of groundwater flow, aquifer-system compaction, and land subsidence. As a component of an integrated approach to hydrogeologic monitoring and characterization of unconsolidated alluvial groundwater basins differential SAR interferometry contributes unique information that can facilitate improved management of groundwater resources. Future satellite SAR missions specifically designed for differential interferometry will enhance these contributions.

Résumé

L’application de l’interférométrie différentielle radar à synthèse d’ouverture (SAR en anglais), principalement cohérent (InSAR en anglais) et dans une moindre mesure, des techniques “persistent-scatterer” (PSI en anglais), aux études hydrogéologiques, ont amélioré les capacités à cartographier, surveiller, analyser et simuler l’écoulement des eaux souterraines, la compaction des systèmes aquifères et les subsidences de terrain. Un certain nombre d’investigations menées durant les dernières décennies montre comment les images spatialement détaillées des déplacements du sol mesurées avec l’InSAR, permettent de mieux comprendre l’hydrogéologie, particulièrement lorsque une série d’images est utilisée parallèlement à des chroniques historiques du changement des niveaux d’eau et des méthodes de gestion. Les avancées importantes comprennent: (1) l’identification structurelle ou lithostratigraphique des limites (par ex. les failles ou changement de faciès) de l’écoulement souterrain et de la déformation; (2) la définition de l’hétérogénéité matérielle et hydraulique des systèmes aquifères déformés; (3) l’estimation des propriétés du système (par ex. les coefficients d’emmagasinement et les conductivités hydrauliques); et (4) la contrainte des modèles numériques de l’écoulement des eaux souterraines, de la compaction des systèmes aquifères, et de la subsidence des sols. En tant que composante d’une approche intégrée de la surveillance hydrogéologique et de la caractérisation des bassins hydrogéologiques constitués d’alluvions non-consolidés, l’interférométrie différentielle SAR fournit une information unique qui peut aider à améliorer la gestion de la ressource en eaux souterraines. Les futures missions satellite SAR spécifiquement montées pour l’interférométrie différentielle, permettront de préciser ces contributions.

Resumen

La aplicación de interferometría de radar satelital diferencial sintético de apertura (SAR), principalmente coherente (lnSAR), y en menor extensión, de técnicas de dispersión persistente (PSI) en estudios hidrogeológicos ha mejorado las capacidades de mapeo, monitoreo, análisis, y simulación de flujo de agua subterránea, compactación de sistema de acuífero y hundimiento del terreno. Varias investigaciones de la década pasada muestran como las imágenes espaciales detalladas de desplazamientos del terreno medidos con lnSAR han aumentado el entendimiento hidrogeológico, especialmente cuando se usa una serie de tiempo de imágenes en conjunto con registros de cambios en niveles de agua y prácticas de gestión. Los avances importantes incluye: (1) identificación de límites litoestratigráficos o estructurales (por ejemplo, fallas o facies transicionales) de flujo de agua subterránea y deformación; (2) definición del material y heterogeneidad hidráulica de sistemas de acuíferos en deformación; (3) estimación de propiedades del sistema (por ejemplo, coeficientes de almacenamiento y conductividades hidráulicas); y (4) delimitacion de modelos numéricos de flujo de agua subterránea, compactación de sistema de acuífero, y hundimiento del terreno. Como un componente de un enfoque integrado de monitoreo y caracterización hidrogeológica de cuencas de agua subterránea aluviales no consolidadas la interferometría diferencial SAR contribuye información única que puede facilitar la gestión mejorada de recursos de agua subterránea. Las misiones futuras satelitales SAR diseñadas específicamente para interferometría diferencial van a estimular estas contribuciones.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge Gerald W. Bawden, John W. Bell, Thomas J. Burbey, Peter M. Martin and Francis S. Riley whose reviews and comments greatly improved the manuscript. Any errors of commission or omission are the sole responsibility of the authors. This work was supported by the US Geological Survey and the German Aerospace Center.

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  1. US Geological Survey, Modoc Hall Ste. 3005, 3020 State Univ. Dr. E., Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA

    Devin L. Galloway

  2. German Aerospace Center, German Remote Sensing Data Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234, Wessling, Germany

    Jörn Hoffmann

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Galloway, D.L., Hoffmann, J. The application of satellite differential SAR interferometry-derived ground displacements in hydrogeology. Hydrogeol J 15, 133–154 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0121-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0121-5

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