The Bulimulidae (Mollusca: Pulmonata) from the Región de Atacama, northern Chile

Systematic account

Type species Bulimus (Bostryx) solutus Troschel, 1847, by monotypy. Recent, Lima, Perú.

Bostryx albicans (Broderip, 1832)

(Figs. 2A–2K)

Bulinus albicans Broderip, 1832: 105; Hupé in Gay, 1854: 109, pl. 3, Fig. 6. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) albicans Pilsbry, 1896: 175, pl. 48, Figs. 4–5. Bostryx (Lissoacme) albicans Stuardo & Valdovinos, 1985: 56; Stuardo & Vega, 1985: 135. Bostryx (Peronaeus) albicans Valdovinos, 1999: 150.

Material examined: Cerro Caracoles (26°58′23″S; 70°43′52″W), about 15 km NE of the port of Caldera, Región de Atacama, Chile; leg. by Marta Araya E, dec. 2013 (JFACL TG 015, 8 sppm; MZUC 39623, 1 spm; MZUC 39622, 1 spm). Measurements of illustrated sppm (in mm): Figs. 2A–2F MZUC 39623 (H = 21.3, D = 14.0, LW = 17.0, HA = 10.7, WA = 8.3, NW = 5.5); Figs. 2G–2K MZUC 39622 (H = 18.7, D = 13.3, LW = 16.2, HA = 10.8, WA = 9.2, NW = 4.5).

Description (After Pilsbry, 1896): Shell umbilicated, obese-ovate, rather thin; with five and a half convex white whorls with indistinct grayish streaks or closely speckled and streaked throughout with brown, the markings translucent by transmitted light. Apex roseate or corneous; protoconch smooth (at high magnification with very fine lines near the sutures), translucent, yellowish white or roseate in juvenile specimens. Spire conic, apex rather obtuse, smooth. Surface with rather coarse, irregular growth-wrinkles, more or less plicate below sutures, and decussated above the middle by spiral incised lines, rather few and sometimes subobsolete. Aperture over half the height, ovate, white to brownish inside; outer lip thin, sharp, unexpanded. Columella dilated above, nearly straight, brownish or rose; parietal wall with almost imperceptible glaze.

Distribution: Stuardo & Vega (1985) cited this species from Copiapó, Región de Atacama to Coquimbo, Región de Coquimbo. This is the northernmost record for the species.

Remarks: The conspicuous roseate-red apex is more notable in juvenile snails (Fig. 2G), as the pink hue fades quickly to pale yellowish or white (Fig. 2E). This is one of the most abundant land snail species in the Región de Atacama, but it is restricted to sandy locations in hills of the Chilean Coastal Range.

Bostryx ancavilorum sp. nov.

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(Figs. 2L–2V)

Type material: Holotype MPCCL 13102015K (H = 23.2, D = 15.9, LW = 19.4, HA = 14.0, WA = 10.2, NW = 5.0), paratype 1 MPCCL 13102015E (H = 20.9, D = 14.2, LW = 17.2, HA = 12.0, WA = 10.0, NW = 5.0), paratype 2 MZUC 39621 (H = 22.7, D = 15.4, LW = 18.6, HA = 13.0, WA = 10.4, NW = 5.5). All the material collected at the type locality.

Type locality: Aguas Verdes (26°52′S; 70°48′W, 60 m), Comuna de Caldera, Región de Atacama, Chile; collected by JF Araya, February 12, 2012. All the specimens were collected in sand among rocks.

Diagnosis: A Bostryx species characterized by a thin, obese elongate white shell, with slightly shouldered whorls, aperture height 0.60 of shell heigth and a corneous protoconch.

Description: Shell up to 23.5 mm, around 1.51 times as long as wide, stout, obese-elongate, with convex sides, somewhat shouldered under sutural area, umbilicus narrow. Shell white, surface shiny with marked growth striae. Protoconch smooth, slightly wrinkled near sutures. Whorls 5.25–5.50, convex, last whorl very slightly appresed at periphery, compressed below, suture well-impressed and slightly plicate. Aperture ovate, around 1.34 times as long as wide, aperture height around 0.59 the total height. Peristome simple, sharp, narrowly expanded in its anterior side. Columellar margin slightly concave, folded over the umbilicus, well dilated above. Parietal callus thin, shiny and transparent, with slightly nacreous glaze. Soft parts unknown.

Distribution: Only known from type locality.

Etymology: Named in honour of Juan Antonio Aliaga Ancavil (Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile) and family, for his friendship and support.

Remarks: This species was found in sand among rocks; its shell is somewhat similar to B. albicans (Broderip, 1832), from which it differs in having a larger and thinner shell, with a more developed parietal callus, a sharper lip and a comparatively larger and rounder aperture (specially different at its anterior side). It differs from B. pruinosus (Sowerby I, 1833) in having a larger, thinner and wider shell with a smaller umbilicus, more convex spire and a smaller last whorl. The species B. albus (Sowerby I, 1833) differs in having a stouter, smaller shell, with a more rounded aperture and a yellowish-white or light brown parietal callus.

Bostryx breurei sp. nov.

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(Figs. 3A–3J)

Type material: Holotype MPCCL 13102015A (H = 17.3, D = 8.9, LW = 12.7, HA = 8.8, WA = 5.1, NW = 6.0), paratype MZUC 39620 (H = 16.6, D = 8.6, LW = 12.7, HA = 8.6, WA = 5.0, NW = 6.0). All the material collected at the type locality.

Type locality: Quebrada del León (26°57′29″S; 70°44′22″W, 423 to around 500 m), Comuna de Caldera, Región de Atacama, Chile; collected by JF Araya, January 15, 2012 and collected by R Catalán, December 2010. Both specimens, and fragments of shells, were collected under the roots of dry cacti, among rocks.

Diagnosis: A Bostryx species characterized by an elongate-ovate fragile thin shell, with an acute conic spire, a prominent last whorl which encompasses 0.6 of the shell heigth and a conspicuous shell sculpture of crossed axial and spiral lines.

Description: Shell up to 16.8 mm, 1.95 times as long as wide, elongate-ovate, rimate-umbilicate, with slightly convex whorls, fragile. Shell thin, translucent, slightly pinkish, decorated with minute streaks of opaque white. Surface lustrous, with marked axial growth striae, fine spiral striae more marked towards the subsutural area, where it crosses the axial growth lines. Protoconch small, smooth; on magnification it shows a fine micro-sculpture of axial costulae. Spire acute, slightly concave, with 6.25 slightly convex whorls, a little angulated near the well-impressed sutures. Last whorl very slightly carinated at the perifery, compressed below. Aperture elongate-subovate, 1.77 times as long as wide, 0.55 times the total height. Peristome simple, sharp, very fragile. Columellar margin concave and folded over the shallow umbilicus, well dilated above. Soft parts unknown.

Distribution: Only known from type locality.

Etymology: In honour of Abraham Breure (Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands), for his contributions to the taxonomy of land Mollusca, especially that of Chile and Perú, and in particular for his extensive work on Bulimulidae.

Remarks: This new species has a distinctive light and fragile shell, different from all the other Bostryx species found in the area. Bostryx paposensis (Pfeiffer, 1856), described from Paposo (25°05′S; 70°25′W), in the Región de Antofagasta, has a shell of similar outline, however its protoconch and first whorls are smaller and darker, the whorls are almost flat and the spire is more convex. This is a rare species, from which only two, somewhat worn complete specimens (paratype with a broken external lip; Fig. 3G) were recovered from a single locality (Quebrada del León), among large rocks under cacti debris, in the top of mountains facing the sea in the Chilean Coastal Range.

Bostryx calderaensis sp. nov.

Urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F54AAAB0-830B-41FA-B7D1-BC692083A590

(Figs. 4A–4S)

Type material: Holotype MPCCL 13102015J (H = 18.7, D = 14.5, LW = 14.6, HA = 11.2, WA = 8.8, NW = 5.5), paratype 1 MZUC 39619 (H = 16.3, D = 12.0, LW = 11.9, HA = 8.3, WA = 6.3, NW = 5.0), paratype 2 MPCCL 13102015L (H = 20.4, D = 13.7, LW = 15.7, HA = 11.1, WA = 8.5, NW = 5.5), paratype 3 MZUC 39618 (H = 18.7, D = 13.4, LW = 13.5, HA = 10.0, WA = 8.8, NW = 6.0). All material from type locality.

Type locality: Caldera (27°04′25″S; 70°49′09″W), Comuna de Caldera, Región de Atacama, Chile; collected by JF Araya, January 15, 2012. All the specimens were collected in sand, among large rocks.

Diagnosis: A Bostryx species characterized by a somewhat obese-ovate white shell, with a prominent last whorl, a pink to red colored inside of an oval-elongate aperture, with a strong and angulated columella and a deep umbilicus.

Description: Shell small (H up to 25 mm), obese-ovate, solid, opaque white, with 5.5–6.0 convex whorls; earlier whorls fleshy or corneous, smooth, separated by deep sutures. Protoconch large, smooth; in magnification with very fine wrinkles near the sutures. Surface of shell dull or slightly shining, with irregular wrinkles of growth. Spire slightly short, conic, last whorl slightly angulated at the periphery of shell. Aperture oval-elongate, slightly oblique, receding, over half the shell’s length, pale pink to red within; lip moderately thick but sharp, slightly expanded, the edge whitish, simple. Columella broadly dilated, folded over the umbilicus; its inner edge straight or slightly concave, sharp; parietal callus a mere glaze. Umbilicus large, broad and deep. Soft parts unknown.

Distribution: Only known from type locality.

Etymology: Named after the type locality; Caldera, Región de Atacama, Chile.

Remarks: This new species has a distinctive deep umbilicus, which almost reach the protoconch (Fig. 4E), different from almost all of the other Bostryx species found in the area. This species is also slightly variable in morphology, with some specimens having shorter (Fig. 4A) or larger shells (Fig. 4L); the characteristic wide columella is, however, a constant feature in most of the specimens examined. Bostryx erythrostomus (Sowerby I, 1833) is somewhat similar to this new species, differing in the much larger shells, with a darker coloration of the aperture, the generally more convex whorls, a less pronounced umbilicus and in having a larger and shinier shell. Bostryx huascensis (Reeve, 1848) differs from the new species in its smaller shell with a larger spire and a comparatively smaller and pale brown to brownish colored aperture. This species is restricted to sandy areas around and in the city of Caldera and is exposed to urban development and human intervention of its habitat.

Bostryx erythrostomus (Sowerby I, 1833)

(Figs. 5A–5P)

Bulinus erythrostoma Sowerby I, 1833: 37. Bulimus erythrostoma Reeve, 1849: Pl. XIII, Fig. 75; Hupé in Gay, 1854: 109, pl. 3, Fig. 3; Hidalgo, 1870: 85. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) erythrostoma Pilsbry, 1895: 173, pl. 48, Figs. 1–2, 97. Bostryx (Lissoacme) erythrostomus: Stuardo & Valdovinos, 1985: 56; Stuardo & Vega, 1985: 135. Bostryx (Peronaeus) erythrostomus Valdovinos, 1999: 150. Bostryx erythrostoma Neubert & Janssen, 2004: 209, pl. 6, Fig. 66; Köhler, 2007: 132, Fig. 26.

Material examined: Road to Barranquilla beach (27°21′29″S; 70°20′24″W), Comuna de Caldera, Región de Atacama, Chile; leg. by Ricardo Catalán G, December 2004 (RCGCL unnumbered, 34 sppm, JFACL TG 018) and coll. by Marta Esther Araya, July 2014 (MZUC 39617, 1 spm; JFACL TG018, 5 sppm). Measurements of illustrated sppm (in mm): Figs. 5A–5E JFACL TG018 (H = 30.0, D = 26.4, LW = 25.3, HA = 19.5, WA = 16.4, NW = 5.5); Figs. 5F–5K MZUC 39617 (H = 25.7, D = 21.4, LW = 20.9, HA = 15.9, WA = 12.9, NW = 5.5); Figs. 5l–5P MPCCL 13102015I (H = 22.8, D = 18.2, LW = 17.8, HA = 12.8, WA = 9.9, NW = 5.0).

Description (After Pilsbry, 1896): Shell obese-ovate, solid, white, with irregular indistinct fleshy or gray-blue streaks and small scattered dots, the latter translucent by transmitted light, these markings often inconspicuous; earliest whorls fleshy or corneous, smooth. Protoconch smooth, with very fine axial striae near the sutures visible only under magnification. Surface slightly shining, with irregular wrinkles of growth, and seen under the lens to be cut by superficial incised spiral lines into series of long granules, often absent on middle and base of last whorl. Spire short, conic, composed of 5.5–5.75 very convex whorls, separated by deep sutures. Last whorl rotund. Aperture slightly oblique, round-ovate, over half the shell’s length, crimson, rose or red–brown within, becoming light brown in the throat; lip moderately thick but sharp, not expanded, the edge light in color. Columella broadly dilated, its inner edge straight or lightly concave; parietal callus thin, colored. Umbilicus large, colored inside.

Distribution: Stuardo & Vega (1985) recorded this species from Caldera and Huasco at the Región de Atacama, and from Coquimbo at the Región de Coquimbo.

Remarks: This species lives in sandy areas, among rocks; it has comparatively large obese shells (H up to 30 mm in examined specimens; Figs. 5A–5E), of whitish, pinkish or even bluish white color, which are much more globose and with a much more conspicuous colored aperture than any other Bostryx species in the area under study. Juvenile specimens have corneous, variegated shells (Figs. 5L–5P). Of all the reviewed taxa found during this work, this is the only species represented by live specimens.

Bostryx huascensis (Reeve, 1848)

(Figs. 6A–6F)

Bulimus huascensis Reeve, 1848: pl. 23, f. 147; Hupé, 1854: 111. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) huascensis Pilsbry, 1896: 174, pl. 48, Fig. 3. Bostryx huascensis Breure, 1978: 90. Bostryx (Lissoacme) huascensis Stuardo & Valdovinos, 1985: 56; Stuardo & Vega, 1985: 135. Bostryx (Peronaeus) huascensis Valdovinos, 1999: 150. Bostryx huascensis Breure & Ablett, 2014 : 90, Fig. 8B, L27ii.

Material examined: Near playa La Virgen (27°21′S; 70°57′W), Comuna de Caldera, Región de Atacama, Chile, coll. by JF Araya, February 2010 (JFACL TG014, 5 sppm; MPCCL 13102015M, 1 specimen). Measurements of illustrated spm (in mm): Figs. 6A–6F MPCCL 13102015M (H = 19.6, D = 12.5, LW = 14.1, HA = 8.1, WA = 6.9, NW = 6.0).

Description (After Pilsbry, 1896): Shell long-ovate, solid, opaque and white, with indistinct grayish streaks, or faintly pink with fleshy streaks. Surface with irregular, fine growth-wrinkles and subobsolete spiral incised lines above. Spire long, apex pink or corneous, obtuse, smooth. Whorls 6, convex, sutures deep. Aperture half as long as shell, ovate, light yellowish-brown inside; lip thin and acute. Columella broadly dilated, whitish, its inner edge straightened. Parietal wall with a light wash of white callus. Umbilicus narrow.

Distribution: Stuardo & Vega (1985) cited this species only from Huasco, Región de Atacama. This is the northernmost record for the species.

Remarks: This uncommon species looks like B. albicans in the general proportions of the shell. However, they differ in having a smaller (up to 19.5 mm), stouter shell with a more acute spire, and a larger umbilicus. Bostryx calderaensis sp. nov is also somewhat similar to this species, however it has larger shells, with a shorter spire and a larger aperture.

Bostryx inaquosum Breure, 1978

(Figs. 6G–6I)

Peronaeus philippii Rehder, 1945: 104 (non B. philippii (Pfeiffer, 1842)). Bostryx inaquosum Breure, 1978: 92, pl. 10, Fig. 13. Bostryx (Peronaeus) philippii Stuardo & Valdovinos, 1985: 57; Stuardo & Vega, 1985: 135. Bostryx (Peronaeus) philippi Valdovinos, 1999: 150.

Material examined: Holotype; near Copiapó (27°21′29″S; 70°20′24″W), Región de Atacama, Chile (USNM 537830); additional specimen from the same location (USNM 522565). Examined from photographs only.

Description (After Rehder, 1945): Shell moderately slender, thin, with 11 moderately convex whorls. Protoconch of two smooth whorls, with the last one-half whorl often showing microscopic crowded wavy riblets. Teleoconch generally smooth except for irregular growth wrinkles and occasional spiral impressed lines giving a malleated appearance to the surface. Shell corneous with irregular opaque-white maculations or streaks, though in the specimens with a heavier shell this mottling may be absent. Last whorl flattened between the periphery and the obtuse keel surrounding the moderately broad umbilicus. Aperture narrowly ovate, outer lip narrowly expanded, columellar lip dilated.

Distribution: This species was described by Rehder (1945) from hills near Copiapó, Región de Atacama. Breure (1978) renamed this species and recorded a new locality at the Quebrada de la Chimba, 10 km N of Antofagasta, Región de Antofagasta, in 350 m altitude.

Remarks: Intensive searches in the type locality around the city of Copiapó yielded no specimens of this taxon; further field collections in the Región de Antofagasta may be useful in order to assess the current presence of this species.

Bostryx ireneae sp. nov.

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(Figs. 6O–6W)

Type material: Holotype (MPCCL 13102015D; H = 24.1, D = 11.3, LW = 16.8, HA = 11.2, WA = 5.9, NW = 7.0), paratype 1 MZUC 39616 (H = 24.2, D = 11.2, LW = 16.4, HA = 11.0, WA = 6.1, NW = 7.5), paratype 2 MZUC 39609 (H = 24.8, D = 10.8, LW = 16.9, HA = 11.4, WA = 6.0, NW = 7.5), paratype 3 JFACL TG019 (H = 26.9, D = 11.6, LW = 17.3, HA = 11.9, WA = 6.4, NW = 7.5). All material from type locality.

Type locality: Chañaral de Aceituno (29°01′35″S; 71°26′20″W), Comuna de Freirina, Región de Atacama, Chile, coll. and leg. Ricardo Catalán G, February, 2006. All the specimens collected in sand dunes and sandy areas.

Diagnosis: A Bostryx species with an acute apex, characterized by a prominent last whorl of about 0.67 H, with a pattern of opaque white and tan lines on a slender, spindle-shaped, malleated translucent shell. Small umbilicus.

Description: Shell up to 26.9 mm, around 2.3 times as long as wide, fusiform, narrowly umbilicated, with convex whorls, rather stout. Translucent tan shell, with irregularly spaced axial streaks of various shades of opaque white. Shiny surface, with indistinct growth striae and malleation. Protoconch smooth, relatively large, somewhat bigger than first teleoconch whorl. Apex acute. Whorls 7.0–7.5, convex, a little angulated near the sutures; last whorl compressed below. Aperture elongate-ovate, around 1.8 times as long as wide; HA around 0.45 H. Peristome thin, outer lip sharp and simple. Columellar margin straight and folded, a little receding, dilated above. Soft parts unknown.

Distribution: Only known from type locality.

Etymology: Named in honour of Irene Garrido, Coquimbo, Chile.

Remarks: This species differs from most other Bostryx species found in Chile by its elongated spindle-shaped and almost translucent shell. The only species which can be compared with B. ireneae is Bostryx affinis (Broderip, 1832), a species recorded only in Mejillones (23°00′S; 70°15′W), Región de Antofagasta (Pilsbry, 1896). The new species differs from B. affinis by having more convex spire whorls, a much larger last whorl, a smaller HA/H ratio, a straight and receding columella, and in having a sharp lip. Bostryx breurei sp. n. is somewhat similar to B. ireneae n. sp., however B. ireneae has a larger, stouter, shinier shell, with a larger spire, without the spiral sculpture characteristic of B. breurei.

Bostryx ischnus (Pilsbry, 1902)

(Figs. 6X–6AB)

Bulimus terebralis Pfeiffer, 1842: 187 (non B. terebralis Bruguière, 1789); (Reeve, 1848), pl. 14, Fig. 79; Hupé in Gay, 1854: 115, pl. 3, Fig. 9. Bulimulus (Peronaeus) terebralis Pilsbry, 1896: 142, pl. 45, Fig. 30. Bulimulus (Peronaeus) ischnus Pilsbry, 1902: lxxi. Peronaeus ischnus: Rehder, 1945: 104. Bostryx (Peronaeus) ischnus Stuardo & Valdovinos, 1985: 57; Stuardo & Vega, 1985: 134; Valdovinos, 1999: 150. Bostryx ischnus: Breure & Ablett, 2014: 191, Figs. 2M–2N, L60.

Material examined: El Morro (27°08′43″S; 70°55′42″W), Comuna de Caldera, Región de Atacama, Chile, coll. by JF Araya, August 2012 to December 2012 (MZUC 39615, 2 sppm; MPCCL 13102015N, 1 spm). Measurements of illustrated spm (in mm): Figs. 6X–6AB MPCCL 13102015N (H = 18.3, D = 6.1, LW = 8.2, HA = 5.4, WA = 3.4, NW = 10).

Description (After Pilsbry, 1896): Shell rimate perforate, with the large umbilical area defined by an angle; subulate; whitish, becoming bluish-brown above. Surface lusterless, irregularly wrinkle-striate, the striae somewhat cut into granules by spiral impressed lines which are generally more prominent above. Spire tapering from the last whorl to the blunt, smooth, brownish-corneous apex. Whorls about 10, nearly flat, the last cylindrical, obliquely truncated below by a blunt but projecting angle, oner which the riblets do not pass, and which defines the umbilical tract. Aperture one-fourth the altitude, oblique, ovate, white inside. Outer lip acute, expanded and thickened within; columellar lip dilated above, vaulting over the minute perforation.

Distribution: Stuardo & Vega (1985) cited this species from Coquimbo, Región de Coquimbo and from Paposo, Región de Antofagasta. The species reported upon here fill the apparent distributional gap between those localities.

Remarks: This species is distinguishable from other similar elongated species due to the sharp basal keel around the umbilical area and the expanded outer lip (Fig. 6AA). Juvenile specimens of this species have a well-defined carinated last whorl, and are very similar to other elongate Bostryx species found in the area.

Bostryx mejillonensis (Pfeiffer, 1857)

(Figs. 7A–7E)

Bulimus mejillonensis Pfeiffer in Pfeiffer & Dunker, 1857: 230; Philippi, 1860: 165, pl. 7, Figs. 10A–C; Hidalgo, 1870: 83. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) mejillonensis Pilsbry, 1896: 177, pl. 48, Figs. 11–14. Bostryx (Lissoacme) mejillonensis Stuardo & Valdovinos, 1985: 57; Stuardo & Vega, 1985: 135. Bostryx (Peronaeus) mejillonensis Valdovinos, 1999: 150. Bostryx mejillonensis Breure, 1978: 102; Breure & Ablett, 2014: 119, Fig. 8C, L37iii.

Material examined: Punta Frödden (26°56′S; 70°47′W) and Obispito (26°44′S; 70°42′W), Comuna de Caldera, Región de Atacama, Chile; coll. and leg. by Marta Araya, June 17, 2012 (MPCCL 13102015G, 1 specimen). Measurements of illustrated spm (in mm): Figs. 7A–7E MPCCL 13102015G (H = 25.2, D = 15.7, LW = 18.7, HA = 12.2, WA = 9.8, NW = 6.0)

Description (After Pilsbry, 1896): Shell oblong-ovate, solid; opaque-white, with irregular, interrupted corneous streaks, or uniform white. Surface lusterless, with irregular growth-wrinkles (and sometimes showing some faint incised spirals, or coarse malleation). Spire conic, with convex outlines, apex somewhat mamillar, whorls 6, convex. Aperture slightly less than half the length of shell, long ovate; outer lip sharp, with a broad and rather heavy internal thickening. Columella slightly concave, columellar lip dilated; parietal callus moderately heavy, white. Umbilicus narrow.

Distribution: Stuardo & Vega (1985) cite this species from Paposo and Mejillones, both localities at the Región de Antofagasta. This is the southernmost record for the taxon.

Remarks: This species has a small, sturdier whitish shell, with a thick lip (Pilsbry, 1896).

Bostryx pruinosus (Sowerby I, 1833)

(Figs. 7F–7P)

Bulinus pruinosus Sowerby I, 1833: 36. Bulimus pruinosus Reeve, 1848: Pl. 20, f. 120. Bulimulus (Lissoacme) pruinosus Pilsbry, 1896: 175, pl. 1, figs 4–5. Bostryx (Lissoacme) pruinosus Stuardo & Valdovinos, 1985: 57; Stuardo & Vega, 1985: 135. Bostryx (Peronaeus) pruinosus Valdovinos, 1999: 151. Bostryx pruinosus Breure & Ablett, 2014: 158, Figs. 7F, L48vi.

Material examined: Caleta Pajonales (27°43′S; 71°02′W), Comuna de Copiapó, Región de Atacama, Chile; coll. by Ricardo Catalán G (RCGCL, unnumbered, 36 sppm); Aguas Verdes (26°52′S; 70°48′W), Comuna de Caldera, Región de Atacama, Chile, September 25, 2012; coll. by JF Araya (JFACL TG017, 1 specimen). Measurements of illustrated sppm (in mm): Figs. 7F–7J (MZUC 39610) (H = 15.2, D = 8.3, LW = 11.6, HA = 7.0, WA = 6.0, NW = 5.0); Figs.7K–7P (MPCCL 13102015F (H = 15.8, D = 7.3, LW = 11.3, HA = 6.6, WA = 4.5, NW = 5.0).

Description (After Pilsbry, 1896): Shell umbilicated, ovate-conic, rather solid but thin; corneous, flecked and streaked with white, or opaque white flecked and streaked with corneous, the latter predominating on spire, earlier whorls smooth, corneous. Surface smoothish, with wrinkles of growth, and above the periphery cut into spiral series of long granules by spiral lines. Spire conic, the apex obtuse, smooth. Whorls 5 and a half, slightly convex, the sutures more or less crenulated. Aperture half the total length (more or less), slightly oblique, ovate, white within; outer lip unexpanded, arcuate; columellar lip well dilated above.

Distribution: Stuardo & Vega (1985) cited this species from Cobija, Region of Antofagasta. This is the southernmost record for this species.

Remarks: This species has a distinctive sturdy but thin sub-cylindrical shell with a large last whorl. The large aperture and general proportions of the shell distinguish B. pruinosus from all the other Bostryx species found in Chile.

Bostryx pumilio (Rehder, 1945)

(Figs. 7Q–7Y)

Bulimus nanus Reeve, 1849: 330, pl. 79, Fig. 585 (non B. nanus Lamarck, 1804). Bulimulus (Peronaeus) nanus Pilsbry, 1896: 141, pl. 45, Fig. 22. Peronaeus pumilio Rehder, 1945: 106. Bostryx pumilio Breure, 1978: 116. Bostryx (Peronaeus) pumilio Stuardo & Valdovinos, 1985: 57; Stuardo & Vega, 1985: 135; Valdovinos, 1999: 150. Bostryx nanus: Köhler, 2007:133, Fig. 28.

Material examined: El Morro (27°08′43″S; 70°55′42″W), Comuna de Caldera, Región de Atacama, Chile, August 2012 to January 2013; coll. by JF Araya (MZUC 39614, 5 specimens; MPCCL 13102015B, 3 specimens; RMNH.MOL 329667, 4 specimens). Measurements of illustrated sppm (in mm): Figs. 7O–7U MZUC 39614 (H = 10.2, D = 4.0, LW = 5.0, HA = 3.0, WA = 2.2, NW = 8.0); Fis.7V–7Y MPCCL 13102015B (H = 12.0, D = 4.4, LW = 5.9, HA = 3.6, WA = 2.7, NW = 9.0).

Description (after Breure, 1978): Shell small (H up to 12 mm), rather elongated, thin and umbilicated. Eight convex, very finely striated whorls, striae slightly plicated beneath the sutures. Protoconch smooth but with fine spiral lines and low axial wrinkles under magnification. Color pale ash or corneous, obscurely marked here and there with light brown streaks, apex brown. Aperture small, subovate, angular at the basal margin; peristome thin and simple. Columelar margin dilated above.

Distribution: This is the first record after its description to give an actual locality for this species, which has been listed simply as “Chile” by all the precedent authors (Reeve, 1848–1850; Pilsbry, 1895–1896; Stuardo & Vega, 1985; Köhler, 2007).

Remarks: Rehder (1945) proposed the new name pumilio as B. nanus Reeve, 1849 was preoccupied by B. nanus Lamarck, 1804. This is a somewhat common species (one of the smallest Bostryx species from Chile, with very small shells, up to 12.0 mm) found in numbers at one of the locations under study (El Morro), always buried beneath roots and under large rocks.

Bostryx pupiformis (Broderip & Sowerby I, 1832)

(Figs. 8A–8I)

Bulinus pupiformis Broderip & Sowerby I, 1832: 105; Reeve, 1848: pl. 14, Fig. 85; Hupé in Gay 1854: 114, pl. 2, Fig. 6; Hidalgo, 1870: 99. Bulimulus (Peronaeus) pupiformis Pilsbry 1896: 138, Pl. 45, Figs. 9–10. Peronaeus pupiformis Rehder, 1945: 104. Bostryx (Peronaeus) pupiformis Stuardo & Valdovinos, 1985: 57; Stuardo & Vega, 1985: 135; Valdovinos, 1999: 150. Bostryx pupiformis Neubert & Janssen, 2004: 226, Taf. 9, Fig. 93; Köhler, 2007: 133, Fig. 31.

Material examined: El Morro (27°09′34″S; 70°56′07″W), Comuna de Caldera, Región de Atacama, Chile, November 23, 2012; coll. by JF Araya (MZUC 39613, 2 sppm; MPCCL 13102015C, 1 sppm; RMNH.MOL 329668, 2 sppm). Measurements of illustrated sppm (in mm): Figs. 8A–8E MZUC 39613 (H = 15.9, D = 5.4, LW = 7.5, HA = 5.0, WA = 3.8, NW = 10); Figs. 8F–8I MPCCL 13102015C (H = 16.8, D = 5.5, LW = 7.7, HA = 4.9, WA = 3.7, NW = 9.5).

Description (after Pilsbry, 1896): Shell rimate-perforate, long, tapering above, cylindrical below, rather solid; whitish, the earlier whorls blackish-orange or corneous, or entire shell corneous with narrow irregular white streaks. Surface smoothish, the growth-lines irregular, more prominent at sutures, and there is some superficial malleation throughout. Whorls 10-11, weakly convex, the last three of about the same diameter, those above tapering to a slightly mamillar, obtuse, glossy apex; last whorl tapering and somewhat compressed toward the base with a small umbilical excavation. Aperture slightly over one-fourth the total altitude, oblique, ovate; peristome obtuse, the outer lip regularly arcuate, distinctly expanded or spreading below; columellar lip expanded; ends connected by a white parietal callus.

Distribution: Pilsbry (1896) cited this species from Huasco, Región de Atacama and from Coquimbo, Región de Coquimbo. The specimens here constitute the northernmost record for this species.

Remarks: This is one of the most abundant elongated Bostryx species. It is a common species at the El Morro; its shells are usually found scattered among large rocks and fresh specimens were collected buried in sand under and among the roots of dried herbs.

Bostryx pustulosus (Broderip, 1832)

(Figs. 8J–8M)

Bulinus pustulosus Broderip & Sowerby I, 1832: 105. Bulimus pustulosus Hupé in Gay, 1854: 112, Malacologia, lám. 2. Figs. 4, 4a–f; Reeve, 1848: Pl. 20, Fig. 127; Hidalgo, 1870: 90. Bulimulus (Peronaeus) pustulosus Pilsbry, 1896: 153, pl. 46, Fig. 58. Peronaeus pustulosus Rehder, 1945: 106. Bostryx (Peronaeus) pustulosus Stuardo & Valdovinos, 1985: 57; Stuardo & Vega, 1985: 135; Valdovinos, 1999: 150; Köhler, 2007: 133, Fig. 32. Bostryx pustulosus Neubert & Janssen, 2004: 226, Taf. 9, Fig. 94.

Material examined: Hills near Pan de Azucar (26°10′01″S; 70°39′22″W), Comuna de Chañaral, Región de Atacama, Chile; coll. and leg. by Ricardo Catalán G (RCGCL unnumbered, 5 sppm). Measurements of illustrated spm (in mm): Fig. 8J–8M RCGCL unnumbered (H = 16.2, D = 8.3, LW = 10.9, HA = 6.8, WA = 4.8, NW = 6.0)

Description (after Pilsbry, 1896): Shell umbilicate-rimate, oblong-conical, rather solid, calcareous. White or pale brownish, often with some scattered corneous-brown dots, the earlier two whorls corneous. Surface lusterless, rudely closely and irregularly plicate-striate, with stronger folds at rather wide but unequal intervals; the longitudinal folds and striae cut into rather coarse granules by incised spirals, unequally developed; the sculpture weaker above, absent on the smooth apical whorls. Spire conic; whorls 6 to 6 and a half, convex, the last with an ample umbilical excavation, but only a minute perforation. Aperture subovate, contained 2.16–2.3 times in altitude of shell, whitish or brown inside; peristome slightly thickened within, the outer lip regularly arcuate, not expanded, columellar lip dilated above, ends of the lip approaching.

Distribution: Stuardo & Vega (1985) cited this species as only occurring in Huasco. This is the northernmost record for the species.

Remarks: A conspicuous, slightly elongated species with a convex conic spire and a somewhat pustulose sculpture, consisting of longitudinally granulated striae crossed by spiral grooves. The latter characteristic sets this species apart from all other known Bostryx species in Chile.

Bostryx rhodacme (Pfeiffer, 1843)

(Figs. 8N–8R)

Bulimus rhodacme Pfeiffer, 1843: 50; Reeve, 1848: pl. 14, Fig. 77; Hupé in Gay, 1854: 113.

Bulimulus rhodacme Pilsbry, 1896: 152, pl. 46, Fig. 54. Peronaeus rhodacme Rehder, 1945: 106. Bostryx (Peronaeus) rhodacme Stuardo & Valdovinos, 1985: 57; Stuardo & Vega, 1985: 135; Valdovinos, 1999: 150; Breure, 2013: 42, Fig. 14B, 14 ii.

Material examined: Comuna de Vallenar (28°34′S; 70°45′W), Región de Atacama, Chile, December 2010, leg. by Ricardo Catalán G (RCGCL unnumbered, 23 sppm; MZUC 39612, 2 sppm). Measurements of illustrated spm (in mm): Figs. 8N–8R MZUC 39612 (H = 13.6, D = 5.8, LW = 8.8, HA = 4.8, WA = 3.5, NW = 6.0).

Description (after Pilsbry, 1896): Shell openly rimate, narrowly long-ovate, rather solid. White, with irregular pellucid or pink maculation, often suffused with a roseate blush on the spire, sometimes unicolored white. Surface lusterless, with rude, irregular growth-striae, sparsely decussated, or bearing granules in spiral series; spiral sculpture of very fine lines. Spire conic, with slightly convex outlines, the apex obtuse. Whorls 6, the upper ones very convex with deep sutures, the lower two less convex, suture slightly and irregularly crenulate; the apical first and a half whorl smooth, corneous or roseate. Last whorl not compressed below. Aperture over one-third the height of shell, long-oval, white within; peristome not expanded, slightly thickened within, the columellar margin dilated above.

Distribution: Pilsbry (1896) cited this species only from Freirina, near Huasco, in the same area where this species was recorded in the present work.

Remarks: This species is recognized by its small and whitish-pinkish variegated shell with a long last whorl, high spire and a lustrous shell, faintly sculptured by strong growth striae.

Bostryx umbilicaris (Souleyet, 1842)

(Figs. 8S–8V)

Bulimus umbilicaris Souleyet, 1842: 102; Souleyet, 1852: 513, pl. 29, Figs. 12–15. Bulimulus (Ataxus) umbilicaris Pilsbry, 1896: 130, pl. 44, Figs. 87–88. Bostryx (Ataxus) umbilicaris Breure, 1975: 1140, pl. X, Fig. 5; Stuardo & Valdovinos, 1985: 57; Stuardo & Vega, 1985: 134; Valdovinos, 1999: 150. Bostryx umbilicaris Breure, 1978: 138, Figs. 225–229.

Material examined: Caleta Pajonales (27°43′S; 71°02′W), Comuna de Copiapó, Región of Atacama, Chile, December 2010, leg. Ricardo Catalán G. (RCGCL unnumbered, one spm). Measurements of illustrated spm (in mm): Figs. 8S–8V RCGCL unnumbered (H = 12.3, D = 5.7, LW = 7.7, HA = 4.4, WA = 2.9, NW = 6.0).

Description (after Pilsbry, 1896): Shell with ample, well-like umbilicus, long-conic; thin but rather solid; opaque, white or flesh-tinted; smooth except for slight growth-lines usually indistinctly crimped in spiral order, shining. Spire attenuated above, the earlier whorls smooth, corneous, mamillar; sutures slightly plicated. Whorls 7, slightly convex but somewhat flattened at the periphery; regularly widening, the last not deflexed, narrowed toward the base, forming a narrowly rounded ridge around the very large umbilicus, which penetrates well-like to the apex. Aperture small, oblique, narrowly oblong; peristome white, subcontinuous, in contact with the body-whorl only for an extremely short distance above; outer and basal lips narrowly expanded, columellar lip straighter, dilated.

Distribution: Stuardo & Vega (1985) cited this species from Cobija, Región de Antofagasta. This is the southernmost record for this species.

Remarks: This small species is clearly identified by the small and elongated whitish shell with slightly flattened whorls, a somewhat angulated last whorl and a large umbilicus. This seems to be a rare species, with only a single empty shell specimen found.

Bostryx valdovinosi sp. nov.

Urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3266D2D9-888B-4BB3-84F7-0E09ACB73F9A

(Figs. 8W–8AF)

Type material: Holotype MPCCL XXXX (H = 18.2, D = 6.4, LW = 8.2, HA = 6.0, WA = 4.2, NW = 9.5). paratype 1 MZUC 39611 (H = 18.8, D = 6.2, LW = 8.3, HA = 5.8, WA = 4.3, NW = 10), paratype 2 JFACL TG016 (H = 15.6, D = 5.4, LW = 7.2, HA = 5.0, WA = 3.7, NW = 9.0). Coll. by JF Araya, 17 december 2010; all material from type locality.

Type locality: SE side of El Morro (27°08′43″S; 70°55′42″W, 194), Comuna de Caldera, Región de Atacama, Chile. All the specimens were collected among the roots of dry herbs and under rocks.

Diagnosis: An elongated-turrited Bostryx species characterized by a comparatively wide shell with a dark coloured protoconch, rimate umbilicus, an ovate straight aperture and a narrowly expanded peristome.

Description: Shell elongated-turrited, stout, corneous or opaque white, height up to 18.8 mm, H/D about 0.34, perforated, with convex whorls. Surface shiny with tenuous growth lines. Upper whorls more convex and darker in colour. Protoconch reddish-brown, smooth and comparatively small. Whorls 9.0–10.0, convex, suture impressed. Aperture ovate, 0.27 times the total height. Peristome narrowly expanded. Columellar margin concave, sharp, and dilated above, reflected over the umbilical perforation. Outer lip sharp, white. Interior of aperture pinkish or brownish. Soft parts unknown.

Distribution: Only known from type locality.

Etymology: This species is named after Claudio Valdovinos (Universidad de Concepción), in recognition of his works dealing with the Chilean Mollusca.

Remarks: This rare species is slightly similar to B. inaquosum, from which it differs in having a larger, more opaque shell with a less slanted and wider aperture. It can also be compared to B. pupiformis, which have a smaller and more elongated aperture, a much more tenuous parietal callus and a comparatively smaller last whorl. Bostryx anachoreta (Pfeiffer, 1856) differs in having a larger and more elongated shell with a convex-turrited spire (almost concave in the new species), and a larger and narrower aperture.