Privacy Concealing the Eighteenth-Century Self
by Patricia Meyer Spacks
University of Chicago Press, 2003
Cloth: 978-0-226-76860-1 | Electronic: 978-0-226-76861-8
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226768618.001.0001
ABOUT THIS BOOKAUTHOR BIOGRAPHYREVIEWSTABLE OF CONTENTS

ABOUT THIS BOOK

Today we consider privacy a right to be protected. But in eighteenth-century England, privacy was seen as a problem, even a threat. Women reading alone and people hiding their true thoughts from one another in conversation generated fears of uncontrollable fantasies and profound anxieties about insincerity.

In Privacy, Patricia Meyer Spacks explores eighteenth-century concerns about privacy and the strategies people developed to avoid public scrutiny and social pressure. She examines, for instance, the way people hid behind common rules of etiquette to mask their innermost feelings and how, in fact, people were taught to employ such devices. She considers the erotic overtones that privacy aroused in its suppression of deeper desires. And perhaps most important, she explores the idea of privacy as a societal threat—one that bred pretense and hypocrisy in its practitioners. Through inspired readings of novels by Defoe, Richardson, Fielding, and Sterne, along with a penetrating glimpse into diaries, autobiographies, poems, and works of pornography written during the period, Spacks ultimately shows how writers charted the imaginative possibilities of privacy and its social repercussions.

Finely nuanced and elegantly conceived, Spacks's new work will fascinate anyone who has relished concealment or mourned its recent demise.

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY

Patricia Meyer Spacks is the Edgar F. Shannon Professor of English at the University of Virginia. She is the author of eleven previous books, including Desire and Truth: Functions of Plot in Eighteenth-Century English Novels and Boredom: The Literary History of a State of Mind, both published by the University of Chicago Press.

REVIEWS

“This provocative and stimulating study is a welcome and pertinent addition to scholarship on eighteenth-century interiority. Spacks foregrounds the unknowability of the self which was and remains a source of anxiety and fascination.”

— Dana Rabin, H-Net Book Reviews

“One of the most satisfying and informed of literary critics, Spacks provides a look at psychological privacy that is both a thoughtful examination of the nature and history of privacy and a masterful piece of literary criticism. . . . Essential.”
— Choice

“Spacks, who has written some of the most influential studies of the English eighteenth century . . . now turns her attention to another epoch-making change that took place in the eighteenth century—the concept of privacy. . . . Spack’s immense erudition and elegant writing style combine to create a book both profound and readable. . . . The rich and detailed study breaks new ground and invites us to contemplate the origins of one of today’s most cherished values.”
— Virginia Quarterly Review

“This is a book about literature and about the act of reading itself—and that is one of its great strengths. Those willing to immerse themselves in the author’s discussions of 18th-century novels will find her book both a blessed relief from the current climate of voyeurism and paranoia and an illuminating exploration of our contradictory attitudes about privacy.”
— Charlotte Taylor, New York Sun

“This is a good and informative book.”
— Frank Kermode, London Review of Books

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgments

- Patricia Meyer Spacks
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226768618.003.0001
[privacy, eighteenth century, England, psychological privacy, imaginative category, Jürgen Habermas, public and private]
This chapter focuses on the issue of privacy in England during the eighteenth century. It argues that, contrary to popular belief, eighteenth-century England did not originate the concept of privacy. The issue of privacy, particularly psychological privacy, was only given a new level of attention during this period. The debate over privacy in eighteenth-century Britain often took covert forms. This chapter suggests that privacy is an imaginative category and discusses philosopher Jürgen Habermas' seminal formulation of the modern relation between public and private. (pages 1 - 26)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

- Patricia Meyer Spacks
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226768618.003.0002
[privacies, private reading, England, social comfort, personal freedom, social support]
This chapter discusses the privacies of reading and some major concerns regarding private reading in England during the eighteenth century. It suggests that the right or privilege of privacy can be considered more like a loss than a gain or a decline in social comfort rather than an acquisition of personal freedom. It explains that getting away from other people may carry high costs because it entails the absence of social support as well as of interference. (pages 27 - 54)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

- Patricia Meyer Spacks
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226768618.003.0003
[privacy, sensibility, England, concealment, self-display, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Julie, or, The New Heloise]
This chapter analyzes the issue of privacy in relation to sensibility in England during the eighteenth century. It suggests that the relation between sensibility and privacy is complex and contradictory. This is because sensibility can function as self-display and a deliberate adjuration of privacy and it can also serve as a form of concealment or emphasize the ultimate fact of concealment. This chapter also examines the concept of eighteenth-century sensibility in Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Julie, or, The New Heloise. (pages 55 - 86)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

- Patricia Meyer Spacks
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226768618.003.0004
[privacy, dissimulation, propriety, England, women, proper behavior, conduct books]
This chapter examines the issues of dissimulation and propriety in relation to privacy in eighteenth-century England. It contends that during this period, the subject of manners in relation to privacy is predominantly a matter for females. This chapter explains that it was the men who articulated the rules of proper behavior for women and that though a number of women also produced conduct books they only echo the pronouncements of their male predecessors. (pages 87 - 114)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

- Patricia Meyer Spacks
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226768618.003.0005
[private conversations, privacy, England, novelistic renditions, self-protection]
This chapter examines the concept of private conversations in eighteenth-century England. It explains that like the subject of privacy, conversation has raised issues about the relation between interests of a community at large and those of the individuals it includes. This chapter discusses the shift in English representations of conversation between the eighteenth and the nineteenth century and investigates the novelistic renditions of conversation and of how the patterns of conversation can function for self-protection. (pages 115 - 139)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

- Patricia Meyer Spacks
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226768618.003.0006
[sex, sensibility, privacy, England, middling class, upper class, private space, sexual revelation]
This chapter analyzes the subject of sex and sensibility in relation to the concept of privacy in eighteenth-century England. It explains that during this period, the middling and upper classes were preoccupied with sex and that both men and women experienced heightened eagerness to penetrate the privacy of others because of their newly formed awareness about the desirability of private space. This chapter argues that the sensibility is the mediating term between sexual revelation and privacy and explains the connections between stories of sex, performances of sensibility, and desire for privacy. (pages 140 - 166)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

- Patricia Meyer Spacks
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226768618.003.0007
[diaries, privacy, England, self-consciousness, James Woodforde, duchess of Northumberland, Dudley Ryder, Frances Burney]
This chapter examines several eighteenth-century diaries in England. It discusses hints of self-consciousness in certain diaries and argues that what we protect when we protect our privacy is often remarkably trivial. The analysis of the diaries of James Woodforde, the duchess of Northumberland, Dudley Ryder, and Frances Burney reveals that different ways by which writers use the private form of diaries to protect their privacy. (pages 167 - 195)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

- Patricia Meyer Spacks
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226768618.003.0008
[privacy, England, social interaction, literary works, Sense and Sensibility, The Female Quixote, Anatomy of Melancholy]
This chapter examines the defensive value of privacy and considers privacy as enablement in eighteenth-century England. It suggests that privacy served as an escape from the demands and burdens of social interaction and mentions the fact that some people during this period never had complete privacy because they were always surrounded by servants who know all or almost all of the family's secrets. This chapter discusses some literary works about the importance of privacy. These include “Sense and Sensibility,” “The Female Quixote”, and “Anatomy of Melancholy.” (pages 196 - 222)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

Afterword

Works Cited

Index