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Obsidian Evidence of Interaction and Migration from the Mesa Verde Region, Southwest Colorado

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Fumiyasu Arakawa ,
Scott G. Ortman ,
M. Steven Shackley  and
Andrew I. Duff
Fumiyasu Arakawa
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, 1525 Stewart, Room 331, P.O. Box 30001, MSC: 3BV, Las Cruces, NM 88003 and Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, 23390 Road K, Cortez, Colorado 81321-9908
Scott G. Ortman
Affiliation:
Crow Canyon Archaeological Center. 23390 Road K, Cortez, Colorado 81321-9908 and Santa Fe Institute 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
M. Steven Shackley
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3710
Andrew I. Duff
Affiliation:
Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4910
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Abstract

A growing body of evidence demonstrates that ancestral Pueblo people living in the central Mesa Verde region of the U.S. Southwest maintained long-distance contacts with other Pueblo peoples. Questions of Pueblo interactions through time and across space have traditionally been addressed using ceramic sourcing data. This research uses obsidian source data to argue that, from A.D. 600 to 920, residents of the central Mesa Verde region obtained obsidian from throughout the U.S. northern Southwest, but that from A.D. 1060 to 1280 they acquired obsidian almost exclusively from the Jemez Mountains area of north-central New Mexico. In addition, importation of obsidian from the Pajarito Plateau increased during the period of population decline in the Mesa Verde region, and population expansion on the Pajarito. Characteristics of the obsidian assemblage from central Mesa Verde region sites also suggest that Jemez obsidian entered the region primarily in the form of finished arrows, arrow points, and arrow-point preforms. We argue that these patterns reflect return migration by early immigrants from the Mesa Verde region to the northern Rio Grande, an early stage in the development of a migration stream between the two regions.

Resumen

Resumen

Un creciente acervo de evidencia demuestra que las comunidades ancestrales Pueblo que vivían en la región de Mesa Verde central del sudoeste de los EEUU mantenían relaciones a larga distancia con otras comunidades Pueblo. Preguntas sobre las interacciones entre estas comunidades a través del tiempo y el espacio han sido tradicionalmente investigadas a través de estudios de cerámica. Esta investigación utiliza datos de fuentes de obsidiana para argumentar que a partir del 600 d.C. al 920 d.C. los habitantes de la región central de Mesa Verde adquirieron obsidiana a lo largo del sudoeste de los E.E.U.U, pero a partir del 1060 d.C. al 1280 d.C. solo adquirían obsidiana casi exclusivamente en la región de las Montañas Jemez, ubicadas en la zona norte-central de Nuevo México. Además, la importación de obsidiana de la Meseta Pajarito aumentó durante el periodo de declive poblacional en la región de Mesa Verde, y de crecimiento poblacional en la Meseta Pajarito. Las características de las colecciones de obsidiana provenientes de la región central de Mesa Verde sugieren que la obsidiana de Jemez fue introducida primordialmente en forma de flechas terminadas, puntas de flechas y preformas de puntas de proyectil. Nosotros argumentamos que estos patrones reflejan migraciones de regreso de los primeros inmigrantes de la región de Mesa Verde hacia la zona norte del Rio Grande (Bravo), lo cual fue una etapa inicial en el desarrollo de una corriente de migraciones entre estas dos regiones.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 76 , Issue 4 , October 2011 , pp. 773 - 795
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2011

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