Fine structure of the lithosphere beneath the Well SK-2 and its adjacent: Revealed by deep seismic reflection profile
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摘要:
为揭示"松科二井"邻域岩石圈精细结构特征，布设了一条过井近南北向的深地震反射剖面，采用多尺度药量结合的激发技术，长排列、重点段加密接收高次覆盖的采集方式，通过高保真、高保幅的处理流程获得高分辨率、高信噪比的叠前时间偏移剖面.结果显示：T4反射轴之下沉积岩层状反射与火成岩杂乱反射相间，有两处疑似上古生界地层，分别位于松科二井下方（双程走时，Two way travel time，TWT，3.5~4 s）和任民-永安断隆下方（CDP，3500~4500，TWT，3~4 s）；中下地壳可观察到近平行的北倾反射，中和断陷下方存在上下关联的透镜状强反射，整体轮廓呈蘑菇云状，解释其为岩石圈伸展构造中发育的深部热流底辟体；北部莫霍面呈近水平连续强反射，南部徐家围子断陷区域莫霍面反射较弱，同时剖面上存在3种明显的岩石圈上地幔反射，包括倾斜地幔反射、近水平地幔反射和超深地幔反射，推断其分别为早期俯冲遗迹、早期增厚地壳底界面以及现今岩石圈底界面.本文利用过松科二井地震剖面的最新成果，揭示出古亚洲洋、蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋和古太平洋三大构造域先后作用下，保留在松嫩地块岩石圈内的结构特征，为探讨松辽盆地形成原因、构造背景及动力学因素提供新视野.
Abstract:In order to reveal the fine structure of the lithosphere adjacent to Well SK-2, a deep seismic reflection profile crossing Well SK-2 was laid out in the Songliao Basin (SB), with the trend north to south. Data acquisition was featured in the shooting technique of multi-scale explosive source and data reception by large offset with smaller trace distance in key area. Besides, processing flow of high fidelity and amplitude-preservation was undertaken to get the pre-stack migrated seismic reflection profile with high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio. As the result, the profile shows strong reflections from settled layers alternate with and weak reflections of igneous rock beneath T4 reflector, and two residuals of upper Paleozoic stratums are distinguished out, one is beneath Well SK-2 (TWT, 3.5~4 s), the other is beneath the Renmin-Yong'an Terrace (CDP, 3500~4500, TWT, 3.5~4 s). Some paralleled seismic patterns dipping north can be observed in the middle and lower crust, as well as some strong but short lenticular reflectors are observed beneath Zhonghe Fault Depression, and the overall contour of these lenticular reflectors is like a mushroom cloud, we interpret this phenomenon as the hot material from downward in the lithosphere extension environment. The Moho in the north part shows strong near-horizontal continuous reflection, while the Moho in the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression in the south shows weak reflection. Three types of upper mantle reflections are distinguished on the deep seismic profile, including inclined mantle reflections, near-horizontal mantle reflections and super-deep reflections in the mantle. It is inferred that they are the early subduction relics, bottom of early thickened crust and the present lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). Based on the latest results of deep seismic profile detecting crossing Well SK-2, this paper study structure features preserved in the lithosphere of Songnen Massif with tectonic superposition of Palo-Asia Ocean regime, Mongol-Okhotsk regime and Palo-Pacific regime, thus providing a new perspective for the discussion of the formation cause, tectonic background and dynamic factors of Songliao Basin.
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Key words:
- Songliao Basin /
- Well SK-2 /
- Deep seismic reflection /
- Moho /
- Mantle reflection
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图 1
过松科二井深地震反射剖面位置图(据Liu等(2017)、王璞珺等(2017)、杨宝俊等(2001)修改)
Figure 1.
Location of the deep seismic reflection profile across the SK2 (after Liu et al., 2017, Wang et al., 2017, Yang et al., 2001)
图 2
徐家围子断陷典型单炮处理效果对比图
Figure 2.
Typical shot beneath Xujiaweizi Fault Depression and result after data processing
图 3
过“松科二井”近南北向深地震反射剖面(CDP点距为25 m)
Figure 3.
Deep seismic reflection profile across the SK-2 trending north to south (with CDP distance 25 m)
图 4
过“松科二井”近南北向深地震反射剖面解释图
Figure 4.
Interpretation of deep seismic reflection profile across the SK-2
图 5
松科二井周围加密测线段深度域成像剖面
Figure 5.
Deep seismic profile in depth domain around Well SK-2 with high stacking fold
图 7
莫霍面附近(9~13 s)瞬时振幅属性(红色代表强振幅，蓝色为弱振幅)
Figure 7.
Instantaneous amplitude around the Moho (9~13 s, red represents the strong amplitude and blue the weak amplitude)
图 8
徐家围子断陷与中和断陷典型单炮对比
Figure 8.
Comparison of records beneath Xujiaweizi Fault Depression and Zhonghe Fault Depression
表 1
深地震反射采集参数
Table 1.
Acquisition parameters of deep seismic reflection data
内容 主要参数 仪器型号 428XL 前放增益 12 dB 低截滤波 不加滤波 高截滤波 250 Hz 记录道数 小炮、中炮(双边800)
大炮(单边不低于1000)检波器型号 20-DX(固有频率10 Hz) 检波器组合 单串(12个)线性组合 记录格式 SEG-D 记录长度 50 s 采样率 2 ms 道间距 50 m、25 m (松科二井邻域) 炮间距 小炮200 m、中炮1000 m、大炮25 km 最小偏移距 25 m 最大偏移距 68975 m 排列方式 19975-25-50-25-19975(小炮、中炮) 叠加次数 100次、>200次(加密段) 激发类型 炸药 正常炮井深 25 m 中、大炮井深 30 m×3(3井组合)、30 m×12(12井组合) 药量 小炮20 kg、中炮72 kg、大炮480 kg 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2
深地震反射数据处理流程及参数
Table 2.
Basic processing steps of deep seismic reflection data
输入SEG-D数据并输出SEG-Y数据 定义二维观测系统，面元大小为25 m 道编辑，重采样为4 ms 带通滤波，6-10-44-50(浅层)、2-4-24-30(深层) 全偏移距初至波拾取 层析静校正，替换速度为2000 km·s-1，基准面高程为1000 m 球面扩散补偿、几何扩散补偿和地表一致性振幅校正 叠前多域(f-x域和f-k)噪声衰减 地表一致性预测反褶积，算子长度200 ms 速度分析，间隔40 CMP 剩余静校正, 大校正量剩余静校正、自动剩余静校正 高阶NMO校正，手工切除 多聚焦成像 叠前时间偏移，克希霍夫偏移，偏移孔径10000、偏移角度45° 叠加和叠后滤波 结合测井数据的时深转换和井震标定
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