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2013, vol. 61, br. 4, str. 213-232
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Ponovno korišćenje otpadnih voda
Wastewater reuse
Sažetak
Jedan od načina da se smanji uticaj nestašice voda, kao i smanjenje zagađenja voda je da se proširi upotreba prečišćene otpadne vode. Lokalni uslovi, uključujući propise, institucije, finansijske mogućnosti, tehnologiju i učešće zainteresovanih strana imaće veliki uticaj na odluke vezane za ponovnu upotrebu otpadnih voda. Može se primetiti da mora da se krene napred ka razvoju strategija i planova za ponovnu upotrebu otpadnih voda. Međutim, njihov uspeh i održivost će zavisiti od političke volje, svesti javnosti i aktivne podrške nacionalnih i međunarodnih agencija da stvore povoljno okruženje za promociju ekološki održive tehnologije.
Abstract
Water scarcity and water pollution are some of the crucial issues that must be addressed within local and global perspectives. One of the ways to reduce the impact of water scarcity and to minimizine water pollution is to expand water and wastewater reuse. The local conditions including regulations, institutions, financial mechanisms, availability of local technology and stakeholder participation have a great influence on the decisions for wastewater reuse. The increasing awareness of food safety and the influence of the countries which import food are influencing policy makers and agriculturists to improve the standards of wastewater reuse in agriculture. The environmental awareness of consumers has been putting pressure on the producers (industries) to opt for environmentally sound technologies including those which conserve water and reduce the level of pollution. It may be observed that we have to move forwards to implement strategies and plans for wastewater reuse. However, their success and sustainability will depend on political will, public awareness and active support from national and international agencies to create favorable environment for the promotion of environmentally sustainable technologies. Wastewater treatment has a long history, especially in agriculture, but also in industry and households. Poor quality of wastewater can pose a significant risk to the health of farmers and users of agricultural products. The World Health Organization (WHO) is working on a project for the reuse of wastewater in agriculture. To reduce effects of human activities to the minimum, it is necessary to provide such technical and technological solutions that would on the one hand ensure complying with the existing regulations and legislation, and on the other hand provide economically viable systems as seen through investments and operating costs.
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