Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity
Online ISSN : 2185-5765
Print ISSN : 0022-1392
ISSN-L : 0022-1392
Observations of Natural ELF and VLF Electromagnetic Noises by Using Ball Antennas
Toshio OGAWAYoshikazu TANAKATeruo MIURAMichihiro YASUHARA
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1966 Volume 18 Issue 4 Pages 443-454

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Abstract

A simple observing system for the measurements of vertical electric field component of natural ELF and VLF electromagnetic noises by using ball antennas is described. With this system it is possible to measure long traveled natural ELF noises discriminated from natural local noises due to such as atmospheric electric space-charge fluctuations. Some of the typical recorded noises are shown. Observed ELF noises are divided into three characteristic types; “ELF flash”, “ELF burst” (N-and Q-types), and “ELF continuous”. ELF flashes originate from the lightning discharges in the area within about 1, 000km from the observing station. Occurrences of ELF bursts are more frequent in the daytime than in the nighttime, and are characterized by sudden increase at the time of local sunrise, suggesting the related mechanism of their generation to the solar position relative to the earth. N-type bursts are followed by VLF noises. Source distances of these bursts which are followed by tweek-type atmospherics in the night are estimated to be in the range from 2, 500km to 5, 000km. Q-type bursts often show clear oscillations of the frequencies of Schumann resonances. The daily variations of the mean amplitude of “ELF continuous” which composes the background noises are quite similar to the daily variations of the world thunderstorm activity.

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