Comparison of the response of seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) to glyphosate applied to the shoot or to the root zone

Marcin Horbowicz, Henryk Dębski, Magdalena Szwed, Danuta Koczkodaj, Józef Klocek

Abstract


We examined the response of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seedlings, as a nontarget plant, to various doses of glyphosate applied to the root zone or to the shoots. Glyphosate was used at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mM concentrations. The study was conducted on seedlings grown in hydroponic cultures under controlled growth conditions. Primary root and shoot growth, anthocyanin and photosynthetic pigment contents were measured to assess the effects of exposure to glyphosate. Glyphosate applied to shoots had a considerably higher impact on the growth of primary roots and shoots of seedlings. Low glyphosate concentrations produced an increase in anthocyanin content of hypocotyls, regardless of the mode of its application. Increasing the concentration of glyphosate applied to the root zone resulted in a gradual increase in anthocyanin content in cotyledons. Our overall results show that in hydroponically grown common buckwheat seedlings, glyphosate is less phytotoxic when applied to the root zone than when applied to the shoot. Low doses of glyphosate applied to the root zone stimulate root and shoot growth and increase the anthocyanin levels in cotyledons. The phytotoxicity of glyphosate was decreased in the absence of mineral nutrients in the root zone of buckwheat seedlings.

Keywords


herbicide; mode of application; common buckwheat; growth; anthocyanins; chlorophylls; carotenoids

Full Text:

PDF

References


Duke SO, Powles SB. Glyphosate: a once-in-a-century herbicide. Pest Manag Sci. 2008;64:319–325. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.1518

Laitinen P, Rämö S, Siimes K. Glyphosate translocation from plants to soil – does this constitute a significant proportion of residues in soil? Plant Soil. 2007;300:51–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9387-1

Helander M, Saloniemi I, Saikkonen K. Glyphosate in northern ecosystems. Trends Plant Sci. 2012;17:569–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2012.05.008

Székács A, Darvas B. Forty years with glyphosate. In: Hasaneen MNAEG, editor. Herbicides – properties, synthesis and control of weeds. Rijeka: InTech; 2012. p. 247–284. https://doi.org/10.5772/32491

Amrhein N, Deus B, Gehrke P, Steinrücken HC. The site of the inhibition of the shikimate pathway by glyphosate II. Interference of glyphosate with chorismate formation in vivo and in vitro. Plant Physiol. 1980;66:830–834. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.66.5.830

Duke SO, Lydon J, Koskinen WC, Moorman TB, Chaney RL, Hammerschmidt R. Glyphosate effects on plant mineral nutrition, crop rhizosphere microbiota, and plant disease in glyphosate-resistant crops. J Agric Food Chem. 2012;60:10375–10397. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf302436u

Zobiole LH, Kremer RJ, Oliveira RS, Constantin J. Glyphosate affects chlorophyll, nodulation and nutrient accumulation of “second generation” glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max L.). Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2011;99:53–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2010.10.005

Huang J, Silva EN, Shen Z, Jiang B, Lu H. Effects of glyphosate on photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and physicochemical properties of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrical L.). Plant Omics. 2012;5:177–183.

Franz JE, Mao MK, Sikorski JA. Glyphosate: a unique global herbicide. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society; 1997. (ACS Monograph; vol 189).

Reddy KN, Rimando AM, Duke SO, Nandula VK. Aminomethylphosphonic acid accumulation in plant species treated with glyphosate. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56:2125–2130. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf072954f

Alister C, Kogan M, Pino I. Differential phytotoxicity of glyphosate in maize seedlings following applications to roots or shoot. Weed Res. 2005;45:27–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2004.00424.x

Petersen IL, Hansen HC, Ravn HW, Sørensen JC, Sørensen H. Metabolic effects in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) seedlings after root exposure to glyphosate. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2007;89:220–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2007.06.009

Wagner R, Kogan M, Parada AM. Phytotoxic activity of root absorbed glyphosate in corn seedlings (Zea mays L.). Weed Biol Manag. 2003;3:228–232. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1444-6162.2003.00110.x

Eker S, Ozturk L, Yazici A, Erenoglu B, Römheld V, Cakmak I. Foliar-applied glyphosate substantially reduced uptake and transport of iron and manganese in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. J Agric Food Chem. 2006;54:10019–10025. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0625196

Cakmak I, Yazici A, Tutus Y, Ozturk L. Glyphosate reduced seed and leaf concentrations of calcium, manganese, magnesium, and iron in non-glyphosate resistant soybean. Eur J Agron. 2009;31:114–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2009.07.001

White AL, Boutin C. Herbicidal effects on nontarget vegetation: investigating the limitations of current pesticide registration guidelines. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2007;26:2634–2643. https://doi.org/10.1897/06-553.1

Vereecken H. Mobility and leaching of glyphosate: a review. Pest Manag Sci. 2005;61:1139–1151. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.1122

Piotrowicz-Cieślak AI, Adomas B, Michalczyk DJ. Different glyphosate phytotoxicity of seeds and seedlings of selected plant species. Pol J Environ Stud. 2010;19:123–129.

Holländer H, Amrhein N. The site of the inhibition of the shikimate pathway by glyphosate I. Inhibition by glyphosate of phenylpropanoid synthesis in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Plant Physiol. 1980;66:823–829. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.66.5.823

Mancinelli AL. Photoregulation of anthocyanin synthesis. VIII. Effects of light pretreatments. Plant Physiol. 1984;75:447–453. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.75.2.447

Lee J, Durst RW, Wrolstad RE. Determination of total monomeric anthocyanin pigment content of fruit juices, beverages, natural colorants, and wines by the pH differential method: collaborative study. J AOAC Int. 2005;88(5):1269–1278.

Lichtenthaler HK, Wellburn AR. Determination of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf in different solvents. Biochem Soc Trans. 1985;11:591–592. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0110591

Cedergreen N. Is the growth stimulation by low doses of glyphosate sustained over time? Environ Pollut. 2008;156:1099–1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.016

Velini ED, Alves E, Godoy MC, Meschede DK, Souza RT, Duke SO. Glyphosate applied at low doses can stimulate plant growth. Pest Manag Sci. 2008;64:489–496. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.1562

Belz RG, Duke SO. Herbicides and plant hormesis. Pest Manag Sci. 2014;70:698–707. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3726

Cornish PS. Glyphosate residues in a sandy soil affect tomato transplants. Aust J Exp Agric. 1992;32:395–399. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA9920395

Lejczak B, Boduszek B, Kafarski P, Forlani G, Wojtasek H, Wieczorek P. Mode of action of herbicidal derivatives of aminomethylenebisphosphonic acid. I. Physiologic activity and inhibition of anthocyanin biosynthesis. J Plant Growth Regul. 1996;15:109–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00198924

Krause J, Reznik H. Investigations on flavonol accumulation in Fagopyrum esculentum Moench as influenced by P- and N-deficiency. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiologie. 1976;70:392–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-328X(76)80158-4

Silva FB, Costa AC, Alves RRP, Megguer CA. Chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of cellular damage by glyphosate herbicide in Raphanus sativus L. plants. Am J Plant Sci. 2014;5:2509–2519. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.516265




DOI: https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.1730

Journal ISSN:
  • 2300-357X (online)
  • 0065-0951 (print; ceased since 2016)
This is an Open Access journal, which distributes its content under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, provided that the content is properly cited.
The journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and aims to follow the COPE’s principles.
The journal publisher is a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association.
The journal content is indexed in Similarity Check, the Crossref initiative to prevent scholarly and professional plagiarism.
Publisher
Polish Botanical Society