Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Activity of Citrus medica Linn. Seed Extract in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

doi:10.5530/pj.2011.23.12

Pharmacognosy Journal

Volume 3, Issue 23, July 2011, Pages 80-84

https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2011.23.12 Get rights and content

Abstract

Introduction: The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activity of petroleum ether extract of Citrus medica Linn. seeds in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic model in rats. Methods: The study was carried out using albino rats of either sex weighing 150–200 gm. One group was selected as control group (buffer alone) and four groups of STZ induced diabetic rats (n = 5 in each group) were administered vehicle (1% tween 80), seed extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) of C. medica Linn. and standard drug glibenclamide (5 mg/ kg) for 15 days after 10 days of single dose of STZ (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneal administration. Blood samples were collected by retro-orbital puncture and were analyzed for blood glucose, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL on days 0, 3, 10 and 25 by using diagnostic kit. Results: The petroleum ether extract of C. medica Linn. seeds (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) induced significant reduction (p < 0.05) of fasting blood glucose, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, LDL and VLDL in dose dependent manner after 15 days of drug administration. Though 200 mg/kg/day seed extract for 15 days was not showing any change in HDL level, while 400 mg/kg/day dose significantly increased HDL level in diabetic rats. Conclusion: So it is concluded that C. medica Linn. seeds have significant antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic activity.

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Bioactivity and antidiabetic properties of Malva parviflora L. leaves extract and its nano-formulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
2022, Heliyon
Citation Excerpt :
DM is usually related to a disturbance in lipid metabolism that takes place as a result of insulin deficiency or resistance. Insulin prevents fat metabolism by hindering intracellular lipase, which hydrolyzes triglycerides to fatty acids, leading to increased cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood (Sah et al., 2011). In addition, hypercholesterolemia results from insulin depletion due to metabolic abnormalities (Sud et al., 2017).
Diabetes is a drastic health problem resulting from an endocrine disorder. M. parviflora L. might represent an antioxidant-rich food source and thus applies to pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications in oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases. In the current work, we assessed the antidiabetic activity of M. parviflora L. leaves extract and its nano-formulation in rats. M. parviflora L. bioactivity was evaluated by both antioxidant and antimicrobial assays. The nano-formulation characteristics (Mass, TEM, and Zeta potential) were evaluated. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally for only one dose (35 mg/kg body weight). All of the nutritional and biochemical parameters were statistically analyzed. The results showed that M. parviflora L. is rich in phenolics and flavonoids with high antioxidant action. The antifungal activity of the extract was evident, especially with Fusarium culmorum and aspergillus flavus. The extract and its nano-formulation have shown antidiabetic properties when tested on diabetic rats as they improved all the biochemical parameters; decreased glucose level in serum, increased insulin production, marked improvement in lipid profile, liver and kidney functions, and that was more proved with the histopathological examinations. Conclusively, M. parviflora L. extract and its nano-formulation could attenuate or effectively help in controlling diabetes through its therapeutic properties exhibited by the action of the plant antioxidant components.
Effect of a traditional syrup from Citrus medica L. fruit juice on migraine headache: A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial
2016, Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Citation Excerpt :
In addition, other studies reported anthelmintic (Bairagi et al., 2011) and estrogenic activities for leaves (El-Alfy et al., 2012; Sharangouda, 2007). The seeds extracts possessed the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activity (Sah et al., 2011). A number of investigations indicated that Citron peels was able to reduce plasma glucose concentration and lowered the levels of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides (Menichini et al., 2011b).
In Persian ethnomedicine several herbal remedies and functional foods have been used to treat migraine headache which are mostly summarized in Qarabadin-e-kabir (Aghili-Shirazi MH, 1773). One of them is Citron syrup (Sharbat-e-Balang) containing edible Citrus medica L. fruit juice and sugar. The present study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of Citron syrup on patients with migraine headache.
Citron syrup was prepared as described in Qarabadin-e-kabir. In this double blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, ninety patients with migraine headache were allocated to three parallel groups (Citron syrup, propranolol or placebo). Patients received 15 ml of Citron syrup, placebo syrup or 20 mg of propranolol tablet three times daily after a meal for 4 weeks. Primary outcomes were obtained from three measures: the frequency (per month), mean duration (hour) and mean intensity (visual analogue scale “VAS” 0–10 score) of headache attacks evaluated prior to and following 4 weeks of the intervention.
Citron syrup was superior to placebo in reduction of headache attacks intensity (P<0.01) and duration (p<0.0001) and as effective as propranolol in patients with migraine headache (P>0.05). However, unlike propranolol, Citron syrup could not significantly reduce the frequency of attacks compared to placebo. No indication of any serious side effects from Citron syrup was observed.
According to obtained results, Citron syrup as a traditional Persian remedy can be suggested as an effective treatment for decreasing pain intensity and duration of attacks in migraine headache and the effectiveness is comparable to propranolol. However, the syrup did not show significant effect on frequency of attacks.
Traditional management of diabetes in Pakistan: Ethnobotanical investigation from Traditional Health Practitioners
2015, Journal of Ethnopharmacology
The uses of anti-diabetic plants are well anchored in the traditional health care system of Pakistan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ethno-botanical study about the uses of plants for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of the study is to record indigenous knowledge on anti-diabetic plants from Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs) and diabetic patients. In addition, it is aimed to ascertain and validate the traditional uses of anti-diabetic plants by citing pharmacological activities and phytochemical constitutes from previously published literature.
The ethno-medicinal data was documented during 14 field surveys, each comprising of 10 days, from 3 regions of Pakistan (Islamabad, Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa and Deserts of Sindh). In total, 113 THPs and 44 diabetic patients were interviewed using open-ended and semi-structured questionnaires. Quantitative indices, including Relative Frequency of Citation percentage (RFC %) and Disease Consensus Index (DCI) were calculated. The documented data is authenticated by comparing with 28 published articles on ethno-botanical aspects and many pharmacological studies.
In total, 120 plant species belonging to 50 families were reported. The ethno-botanical results indicated that Moraceae (11 species); herb (56 reports) is dominant life form; the leaves (56 reports) are the most used plant part and decoction (24%) is the preferred mode of preparation. The quantitative analysis shows that RFC% ranges from 14 to 42 and DCI varies from 0.15 to 0.74. By comparing to previous studies, 64 species are reported new in traditional treatment of DM; 40 species are new to pharmacological evidence and 3 species are new to phytochemical studies.
This study recoded the significant indigenous knowledge about anti-diabetic plants among the THPs and diabetic patients in Pakistan. This type of ethno-botanical knowledge on traditional use of anti-diabetic plants is an important step in designing detailed pharmacological and clinical trials for Diabetes Miletus treatment. It is recommended that further pharmacological and phytochemical analysis should be conducted on those species which lack previous references in literature and have highest Frequency of Citation (FC), Disease Consensus Index (DCI) and Relative Frequency of Citation percentage (RFC%).
African Medicinal Plants Acting on the Reproductive, Cardiovascular, and Central Nervous Systems
2013, Medicinal Plant Research in Africa: Pharmacology and Chemistry
Traditional medicines are practiced worldwide for regulation of fertility since ancient times. This chapter provides a comprehensive summary of African medicinal flora regarding their medicinal use, substances isolated, and pharmacological effects on the reproductive, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. Bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing classic textbooks and peer-reviewed papers. Ninety-four traditionally used plant species with documented pharmacological activity have been recorded, of which 70 have been mentioned as having potential activity on the reproductive system, 12 on the cardiovascular system, and 12 on the central nervous system. This review clearly indicates that it is time to increase the number of experimental studies to find novel potential chemical entities from such a vast array of unexploited African plants having a traditional role in the reproductive, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems.
Potential antifertility agents from plants: A comprehensive review
2012, Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Citation Excerpt :
Fruit decoction of CM is mentioned as the traditional medicine for fertility regulation in India (Malhi et al., 1972). Citrus medica is reported to have anthelmintic (Bairagi et al., 2011), antidiabetic (Sah et al., 2011) and fungitoxic activities (Emmanuel et al., 2008). The petroleum ether extract of Citrus medica seeds exhibited estrogenic activity (Sharangouda and Patil, 2008).
Traditional medicines are practiced worldwide for regulation fertility since ancient times. This review provides a comprehensive summary of medicinal flora inhabitating throughout the world regarding their traditional usage by various tribes/ethnic groups for fertility regulation in females.
Bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing classical text books and peer reviewed papers, consulting worldwide accepted scientific databases from the last six decades. Plants/their parts/extracts traditionally used for abortion, contraception, emmenagogue and sterilization purposes have been considered as antifertility agents. Research status of selected potential plant species has been discussed. Further, compounds isolated from plants with attributed fertility regulating potentials are also classified into three categories: (a) phytoconstituents with anti-implantation activity, (b) phytoconstituents with abortifacient activity and (c) phytoconstituents with contraceptive activity.
577 plant species belonging to 122 families, traditionally used in fertility regulation in females, have been recorded, of which 298 plants have been mentioned as abortifacients (42%), 188 as contraceptives (31%), 149 as emmenagogues (24%), and 17 as sterilizers. Among 122 plant families, fabaceae constitutes 49.2%, asteraceae 40.98%, euphorbiaceae 19.7%, apiaceae 16.4%, poaceae 12.3%, labiateae 11.5%, and others in lesser proportion. Various plant parts used in fertility regulation include leaves (25%), roots (22%), fruits (15%), seeds (12%), stem/stem bark (37%), and flowers (4%). Some active compounds, isolated from about various plant species, have been reported to possess significant antifertility potential.
This review clearly indicates that it is time to increase the number of experimental studies to find out novel potential chemical entities from such a vast array of unexploited plants having traditional role in fertility regulation. Also, the mechanisms of action by which plant extracts and their active compounds exert antifertility effects remain to be studied.
Herbal medicine for cardiovascular disease in view of Avicenna
2023, Medicinal Plants used in Traditional Persian Medicine

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Pharmacognosy Journal

Abstract

References (26)

Antioxidant treatment of diabetic rats inhibits lipoprotein oxidation and cytotoxity

J Lipid Res

Antidiabetic potential of Barleria lupilina extract in rats

Phytomed

Insulin-secretagogue activity and cycloprotective role of the traditional antidiabetic plant Scoparia dulcis (Sweet Broomweed)

Life Sci

Anti-diabetic effects of Cichorium intybus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

J Ethnopharmacol

Effect of chronic treatment with Enicostemman littorale in non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus (NIDDM) rats

J Ethnopharmacol

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of ethanolic extract of seeds of Eugenia jambolana in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits

J Ethnopharmacol

Antifungal activity of some tetranortriterpenoids

Fitoterapia

Study of the antidiabetic effect of a compound medicinal plant prescription in normal and diabetic rabbit

J Pak Med Assoc

Clinical and etiological heterogeneity of idiopathic diabetes mellitus (Benting memorial lecture)

Diabetes

Medicinal plants with hypoglycemic activity

J Ethnopharmacol

Incidence of severe side effects during therapy with sulphonylureas and biguanides

Hormones Metabolic Res

Cited by (27)

Bioactivity and antidiabetic properties of Malva parviflora L. leaves extract and its nano-formulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Effect of a traditional syrup from Citrus medica L. fruit juice on migraine headache: A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial

Traditional management of diabetes in Pakistan: Ethnobotanical investigation from Traditional Health Practitioners

African Medicinal Plants Acting on the Reproductive, Cardiovascular, and Central Nervous Systems

Potential antifertility agents from plants: A comprehensive review

Herbal medicine for cardiovascular disease in view of Avicenna