Research Article
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DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION USING A MANIKIN

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 303 - 316, 01.01.2023

Melahat Kızıl

https://doi.org/10.54409/hod.1150760
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Objectives: Many studies have shown that people applying cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) cannot make sustained and effective CPR due to fatigue, sweaty hands, broken ribs, inability to determine the correct area etc. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness and sustainability of CPR quality using a CPR manikin by following the 2015 CPR guidelines.
Material and Method: This study was carried out with 153 student volunteers from seven different health sciences programmes at Izmir University of Economics. All students were trained in first aid and basic life support in the previous school academic year. The time and effectiveness of CPR applied on a CPR manikin (Ambu® Manikin) were measured. The students’ body positioning, blowing capacities, depth of pressures and effective pressure durations were evaluated and numerical data were analysed by t-test. P-value <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21.
Results: Of the 153 student volunteers, 60.1% were female and 39.9% were male. The average student age was 20.32 ± 03 years, the average height was 169.20 ± 26 cm and the average weight was 65.12 ± 42 kg. The average effective CPR duration was 2.95 ± 0.86 min, the average pressure depth was 4.33 cm and the average depth of pressures and effective pressure was 0.6 liters. The position of the arms was correct in 83% of the students. In 81% of the cases, the application site was correctly determined. Moreover, 68.6% of the students were able to sustain the pumping activity of the heart. In all parameters other than the arms position, male students had better results than female students. CPR is a very important live-saving method to increase the chance of survival. However, this practice is ineffective unless applied correctly and timely.
Conclusion: This study showed that manual chest compression on the manikin became ineffective in both speed and effectiveness just within minutes. This shows that there is a very important deficiency in this area where human life depends on minutes. Thus, developing and commissioning auxiliary external chest compression device that can perform CPR, especially in pre-hospital setting, ambulance and emergency departments, is important.

Keywords

Resuscitation Heart Failure Resuscitation Training Resuscitation Effectiveness Resuscitation Research Resüsitasyon Kalp Yetmezliği Resüsitasyon Eğitimi Resüsitasyon Etkinliği Resüsitasyon Araştırması

References

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  • Lind, B, Snyder, J, Kampschulte, S, & Safar, P. (1975). A review of total brain ischaemia models in dogs and original experiments on clamping the aorta. Resuscitation, 4(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9572(75)90061-1
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CPR MANKENİ ÜZERİNDE KARDİYOPULMONER RESUSİTASYON ETKİNLİĞİNİN SAPTANMASI

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 303 - 316, 01.01.2023

Melahat Kızıl

https://doi.org/10.54409/hod.1150760
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Amaç: Kardiyopulmoner resüsitasyon (CPR) uygulayan kişilerin yorgunluk, ellerin terlemesi, kaburgaların kırılması, doğru bölgenin belirlenememesi vb. nedenlerle kalıcı ve etkili KPR yapamadıkları birçok çalışmada gösterilmiştir Bu nedenle, bu çalışma, 2015 CPR yönergelerini izleyerek bir CPR mankeni kullanarak CPR kalitesinin etkinliğini ve sürdürülebilirliğini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma İzmir Ekonomi Üniversitesi'nde yedi farklı sağlık bilimleri programında okuyan 153 gönüllü öğrenci ile gerçekleştirildi. Tüm öğrencilere bir önceki eğitim öğretim yılında ilk yardım ve temel yaşam desteği eğitimi verildi. Bir CPR mankenine (Ambu® Manken) uygulanan CPR'nin süresi ve etkinliği ölçüldü. Öğrencilerin vücut pozisyonları, üfleme kapasiteleri, bası derinlikleri ve efektif bası süreleri değerlendirilmiş ve sayısal veriler t-testi ile analiz edilmiştir. P değeri <0,05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. Veriler SPSS 21 sürümü kullanılarak analiz edildi.
Bulgular: 153 gönüllü öğrencinin %60,1'i kadın ve %39,9'u erkekti. Ortalama öğrencilerin yaşı 20,32 ± 03 yıl, ortalama boyları 169,20 ± 26 cm ve ortalama ağırlıkları 65,12 ± 42 kg idi. Ortalama etkili CPR süresi 2,95 ± 0,86 dakika, ortalama bası derinliği 4,33 cm ve ortalama etkili üfleme kapasitesi 0,6 litre idi. Kolların pozisyonu öğrencilerin %83'ünde doğruydu ve %81'inde bası yeri doğru olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin %68,6'sı kalbin pompalama aktivitesini ritmik olarak sürdürebilmiştir. Kol pozisyonu dışındaki tüm parametrelerde erkek öğrenciler kız öğrencilere göre daha iyi sonuçlar elde etmişlerdir. CPR, hayatta kalma şansını artırmak için çok önemli bir hayat kurtarma yöntemidir. Ancak bu uygulama doğru ve zamanında uygulanmadığında etkisizdir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, manken üzerindeki manuel göğüs kompresyonunun dakikalar içinde hem hız hem de etkinlik açısından etkisiz hale geldiğini göstermiştir. Bu durum insan hayatının dakikalara bağlı olduğu bu alanda çok önemli bir eksiklik olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle özellikle hastane öncesi ortamda, ambulans ve acil servislerde KPR yapabilen yardımcı harici göğüs kompresyon cihazının geliştirilmesi ve devreye alınması önemlidir.

Keywords

Resüsitasyon Kalp Yetmezliği Resüsitasyon Eğitimi Resüsitasyon Etkinliği Resüsitasyon Araştırması

References

  • Abella, BS, Sandbo, N, Vassilatos, P, Alvarado, JP, O’Hearn, N, Wigder, HN, Hoffman, P, Tynus, K, Vanden Hoek, TL, & Becker, LB. (2005). Chest compression rates during cardiopulmonary resuscitation are suboptimal: a prospective study during in-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation, 111(4),428–434. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000153811.84257.59
  • Ahern, RM, Lozano, R, Naghavi, M, Foreman, K, Gakidou, E, & Murray, CJ. (2011). Improving the public health utility of global cardiovascular mortality data: the rise of ischemic heart disease. Population Health Metrics, 9,8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-7954-9-8
  • Ashton, A, McCluskey, A, Gwinnutt, CL, & Keenan, AM. (2002). Effect of rescuer fatigue on performance of continuous external chest compressions over 3 min. Resuscitation, 55(2),151–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9572(02)00168-5
  • Astrup, J, Rehncrona, S, & Siesjö, BK. (1980). The increase in extracellular potassium concentration in the ischemic brain in relation to the preischemic functional activity and cerebral metabolic rate. Brain Research, 199(1), 161–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(80)90238-3
  • Atkins, DL, Berger, S, Duff, JP, Gonzales, JC, Hunt, EA, Joyner, BL, Meaney, PA, Niles, DE, Samson, RA, & Schexnayder, SM. (2015). Part 11: Pediatric Basic Life Support and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (Reprint). PEDIATRICS, 136(Supplement), 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-3373e
  • Babbs, CF, Voorhees, WD, Fitzgerald, KR, Holmes, HR, & Geddes, LA. (1983). Relationship of blood pressure and flow during CPR to chest compression amplitude: Evidence for an effective compression threshold. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 12(9), 527–532.
  • Berg, RA, Sanders, AB, Kern, KB, Hilwig, RW, Heidenreich, JW, Porter, ME, & Ewy, GA. (2001). Adverse Hemodynamic Effects of Interrupting Chest Compressions for Rescue Breathing During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Ventricular Fibrillation Cardiac Arrest. Circulation, 104(20), 2465–2470. https://doi.org/10.1161/hc4501.098926
  • Cheskes, S, Schmicker, RH., Christenson, J, Salcido, DD, Rea, T, Powell, J, Edelson, DP, Sell, R, May, S, Menegazzi, JJ., Van Ottingham, L, Olsufka, M, Pennington, S, Simonini, J, Berg, RA, Stiell, I, Idris, A, Bigham, B, & Morrison, L. (2011). Perishock Pause. Circulation, 124(1),58–66. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.110.010736
  • Christenson, J, Andrusiek, D., Everson-Stewart, S., Kudenchuk, P., Hostler, D., Powell, J., Callaway, C. W., Bishop, D., Vaillancourt, C., Davis, D., Aufderheide, T. P., Idris, A., Stouffer, J. A., Stiell, I., & Berg, R. (2009). Chest Compression Fraction Determines Survival in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Ventricular Fibrillation. Circulation, 120(13), 1241–1247. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.109.852202
  • Chung, TN, Kim, SW, You, JS, Cho, YS, Chung, SP, Park, I, & Kim, SH. (2012). The Specific Effect of Metronome Guidance on the Quality of One-person Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Rescuer Fatigue. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 43(6), 1049–1054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.01.021
  • Edelson, D.P, Abella, BS, Kramer-Johansen, J, Wik, L, Myklebust, H, Barry, AM, Merchant, RM, Hoek, TLV, Steen, PA, & Becker, LB. (2006). Effects of compression depth and pre-shock pauses predict defibrillation failure during cardiac arrest. Resuscitation, 71(2),137–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.04.008
  • Eisenburger, P, Sterz, F, Haugk, M, Scheinecker, W, Holzer, M, Koreny, M, Kaff, A, Laggner, A, & Herkner, H. (2006). Cardiac arrest in public locations—An independent predictor for better outcome? Resuscitation, 70(3), 395–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.02.002
  • Girotra, S, van Diepen, S, Nallamothu, BK, Carrel, M, Vellano, K, Anderson, ML, McNally, B, Abella, BS, Sasson, C, & Chan, PS. (2016). Regional Variation in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival in the United States. Circulation, 133(22),2159–2168. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.115.018175
  • Gündüz, A, Bora, S, Çağlar, B, & Parlak, İ. (2019). Kardiyopulmoner Resüsitasyon Uygulaması Esnasında Metronom Kullanımının Etkinliğinin Manken Üzerinde Araştırılması. Pamukkale Medical Journal, 12 (1) , 49-54 . DOI: 10.31362/patd.435609
  • https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Olum-Nedeni-Istatistikleri-2018-30626 Accessed January 28, 2020.
  • Kleinman ME, Goldberger ZD, Rea T, Swor RA, Bobrow BJ, Brennan EE, Terry M, Hemphill R, Gazmuri RJ, Hazinski MF, Travers AH. 2017 American Heart Association Focused Update on Adult Basic Life Support and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2018 Jan 2;137(1):e7-e13. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000539
  • Körber MI, Köhler T, Weiss V, Pfister R, Michels G. Quality of Basic Life Support - A Comparison between Medical Students and Paramedics. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Jul;10(7):OC33-7. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/19221.8197. Epub 2016 Jul 1. PMID: 27630885; PMCID: PMC5020289.
  • Larsen, MP, Eisenberg, MS, Cummins, RO, & Hallstrom, AP. (1993). Predicting survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A graphic model. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 22(11), 1652–1658. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81302-2
  • Liberman, M, Lavoie, A, Mulder, D, & Sampalis, J. (1999). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: errors made by pre-hospital emergency medical personnel. Resuscitation, 42(1), 47–55.
  • Lind, B, Snyder, J, Kampschulte, S, & Safar, P. (1975). A review of total brain ischaemia models in dogs and original experiments on clamping the aorta. Resuscitation, 4(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9572(75)90061-1
  • López-González, Á, Sánchez-López, M, Rovira-Gil, E, González-García, A, Ferrer-López, V, & Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. (2015). Sex differences in the effort indicators during cardiopulmonary resuscitation manoeuvres on manikins. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 22(1), 62–65. https://doi.org/10.1097/mej.0000000000000178
  • Lyon, RM. (2014). Pre-hospital resuscitation exposure – When is enough, enough? Resuscitation, 85(9), 1121–1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.06.030
  • Monsieurs, KG, Nolan, JP, Bossaert, LL, Greif, R, Maconochie, IK, Nikolaou, NI, Perkins, GD, & Soar, J. (2015). European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015. Resuscitation, 95, 1–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.038
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Emergency Medicine
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Melahat Kızıl 0000-0002-6260-4649

Publication Date January 1, 2023
Submission Date July 29, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kızıl, M. (2023). DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION USING A MANIKIN. Hastane Öncesi Dergisi, 7(3), 303-316. https://doi.org/10.54409/hod.1150760

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