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Exploring Overlooked Anxiety Disorders: A Study on the Prevalence of Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder and Specific Phobia in the General Population

Year 2023, Volume: 33 Issue: 6, 796 - 805, 31.12.2023

Fatih Ekici Gizem Karaoğlan Ali Kandeğer Lütfi Saltuk Demir Özkan Güler

https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1392240

Abstract

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of adult separation anxiety disorder and specific phobia in the general population, along with identifying the factors associated with these two disorders.
Material and Method: The study was carried out in the Selçuklu district, encompassing 28 of the 34 family health centers selected through a simple random sampling method. The study sample included 1,218 individuals over 18, chosen using a systematic sampling approach by skipping one resident from each neighborhood covered by the family health unit. After collecting the sociodemographic data, face-to-face diagnostic interviews were performed using the Structured Clinical Interviews for Separation Anxiety Symptoms (SCI-SAS) for ASAD and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) for specific phobia assessment.
Results: The study revealed that the lifetime prevalence of ASAD was 5.9%, with a point prevalence of 1.5%, while the lifetime prevalence of specific phobia was 11.3%. The application rates for the treatment of both disorders were very low and clinicians demonstrated limited recognition of ASAD. ASAD was correlated with female gender, low income, childhood traumatic experiences, migraine presence, and family history of serious illness. On the other hand, specific phobia was associated with female gender and family history of psychiatric disease.
Conclusion: Despite the high prevalence of both disorders, the alarming rates of clinical recognition and treatment underscore the need to develop health policies and awareness programs aimed at promoting early diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords

Adult prevalence separation anxiety disorder specific phobia.

References

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Göz Ardı Edilen Anksiyete Bozukluklarını Keşfetmek: Genel Toplumda Yetişkin Ayrılma Kaygısı Bozukluğu ve Özgül Fobi Yaygınlığı Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2023, Volume: 33 Issue: 6, 796 - 805, 31.12.2023

Fatih Ekici Gizem Karaoğlan Ali Kandeğer Lütfi Saltuk Demir Özkan Güler

https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1392240

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, genel nüfusta yetişkinlerdeki ayrılma anksiyete bozukluğu (YAKB) ve özgül fobi yaygınlığını araştırmayı ve bu iki bozuklukla ilişkili faktörleri belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, Selçuklu ilçesinde bulunan 34 aile sağlığı merkezinden basit rastgele örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 28’inde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini aile sağlığı biriminin kapsadığı mahallede ikamet edenler arasından sistematik örnekleme yöntemiyle birer kişi atlayarak seçilen 18 yaş üstü 1218 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada sosyodemografik veri formu görüşmeci tarafından uygulandıktan sonra YAKB için AAB-YKG, Özgül fobi için SCID-5 ile yüz yüze tanı koydurucu görüşmeler yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışma, YAKB yaşam boyu yaygınlığının %5.9, nokta yaygınlığının ise %1.5 olduğunu ortaya koyarken, özgül fobi yaşam boyu yaygınlığının %11.3 olduğunu gösterdi. Her iki bozuklukta tedaviye başvuru oranları oldukça düşük olup klinisyenler YAKB’yi sınırlı düzeyde tanıyabildiler. ASAD, kadın cinsiyet, düşük gelir düzeyi, çocukluk dönemi travmatik deneyim varlığı, migren varlığı ve ailede ciddi hastalık öyküsü ile ilişkili bulundu. Diğer yandan, özgül fobi, kadın cinsiyeti ve ailede psikiyatrik hastalık öyküsü ile ilişkilendirilmiştir.
Sonuç: Her iki bozukluğun yüksek yaygınlıklara rağmen kliniklerde düşük tanınma ve tedavi edilme oranları, erken tanı ve tedaviyi teşvik etmeyi amaçlayan sağlık politikalarına ve farkındalık programlarına olan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

Yetişkin ayrılma anksiyete bozukluğu özgül fobi yaygınlık

References

  • Manicavasagar V, Silove D. Is there an adult form of separation anxiety disorder? A brief clinical report. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 1997 Apr;31(2):299-303. doi: 10.3109/00048679709073835
  • Manicavasagar V, Silove D, Curtis J. Separation anxiety in adulthood: a phenomenological investigation. Compr Psychiatry. 1997;38(5):274-282. doi: 10.1016/s0010-440x(97)90060-2
  • Cyranowski JM, Shear MK, Rucci P, Fagiolini A, Frank E, Grochocinski VJ, et al. Adult separation anxiety: psychometric properties of a new structured clinical interview. J Psychiatr Res. 2002;36(2):77-86. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3956(01)00051-6
  • Manicavasagar V, Marnane C, Pini S, Abelli M, Rees S, Eapen V, et al. Adult separation anxiety disorder: a disorder comes of age. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2010;12(4):290-297. doi: 10.1007/s11920-010-0131-9
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5®). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
  • Shear K, Jin R, Ruscio AM, Walters EE, Kessler RC. Prevalence and correlates of estimated DSM-IV child and adult separation anxiety disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(6):1074-1083. doi: 10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.1074
  • Silove D, Alonso J, Bromet E, Gruber M, Sampson N, Scott K, et al. Pediatric-Onset and Adult-Onset Separation Anxiety Disorder Across Countries in the World Mental Health Survey. Am J Psychiatry. 2015;172(7):647-656. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14091185
  • Manicavasagar V, Silove D, Curtis J, Wagner R. Continuities of separation anxiety from early life into adulthood. J Anxiety Disord. 2000;14(1):1-18. doi: 10.1016/s0887-6185(99)00029-8
  • Tasdemir A, Tamam L, Keskin N, Evlice YE. Assessment of co-morbidity of adult separation anxiety in patients with bipolar disorder. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;70(2):93-102. doi: 10.3109/08039488.2015.1053098
  • Pini S, Abelli M, Shear KM, Cardini A, Lari L, Gesi C, et al. Frequency and clinical correlates of adult separation anxiety in a sample of 508 outpatients with mood and anxiety disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2010;122(1):40-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01480.x
  • Karaytuğ MO, Tamam L, Demirkol ME, Namlı Z. Relationship Between Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder and Suicide in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. 2022;14(1):261-267.
  • Pini S, Gesi C, Abelli M, Muti M, Lari L, Cardini A, et al. The relationship between adult separation anxiety disorder and complicated grief in a cohort of 454 outpatients with mood and anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord. 2012;143(1-3):64-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.026
  • Essau CA, Conradt J, Petermann F. Frequency, comorbidity, and psychosocial impairment of specific phobia in adolescents. J Clin Child Psychol. 2000;29(2):221-231. doi: 10.1207/S15374424jccp2902_8
  • Eaton WW, Bienvenu OJ, Miloyan B. Specific phobias. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5(8):678-686. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30169-X
  • Wardenaar KJ, Lim CCW, Al-Hamzawi AO, Alonso J, Andrade LH, Benjet C, et al. The cross-national epidemiology of specific phobia in the World Mental Health Surveys [published correction appears in Psychol Med. 2018 Apr;48(5):878]. Psychol Med. 2017;47(10):1744-1760. doi: 10.1017/S0033291717000174
  • Becker ES, Rinck M, Türke V, Kause P, Goodwin R, Neumer S, et al. Epidemiology of specific phobia subtypes: findings from the Dresden Mental Health Study. Eur Psychiatry. 2007;22(2):69-74. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.09.006
  • Kessler RC, Nelson CB, McGonagle KA, Liu J, Swartz M, Blazer DG. Comorbidity of DSM-III-R major depressive disorder in the general population: results from the US National Comorbidity Survey. Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 1996;(30):17-30.
  • Magee WJ, Eaton WW, Wittchen HU, McGonagle KA, Kessler RC. Agoraphobia, simple phobia, and social phobia in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996;53(2):159-168. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830020077009
  • LeBeau RT, Glenn D, Liao B, Wittchen HU, Beesdo-Baum K, Ollendick T, et al. Specific phobia: a review of DSM-IV specific phobia and preliminary recommendations for DSM-V. Depress Anxiety. 2010;27(2):148-167. doi: 10.1002/da.20655
  • Depla MF, ten Have ML, van Balkom AJ, de Graaf R. Specific fears and phobias in the general population: results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2008;43(3):200-208. doi: 10.1007/s00127-007-0291-z
  • Chen CN, Wong J, Lee N, Chan-Ho MW, Lau JT, Fung M. The Shatin community mental health survey in Hong Kong. II. Major findings. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993;50(2):125-133. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820140051005
  • Ishikawa H, Kawakami N, Kessler RC; World Mental Health Japan Survey Collaborators. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence, severity and unmet need for treatment of common mental disorders in Japan: results from the final dataset of World Mental Health Japan Survey. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2016;25(3):217-229. doi: 10.1017/S2045796015000566
  • Elbir M, Alp Topbaş Ö, Bayad S, Kocabaş T. DSM-5 Bozuklukları için Yapılandırılmış Klinik Görüşmenin Klinisyen Versiyonunun Türkçeye Uyarlanması ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması [Adaptation and Reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5-Disorders - Clinician Version (SCID-5/CV) to the Turkish Language]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2019;30(1):51-56.
  • Diriöz M, Alkin T, Yemez B, Onur E, Eminağaoğlu N. Ayrılma anksiyetesi belirti envanteri ile yetişkin ayrılma anksiyetesi anketinin Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2012;23(2):108-116.
  • Silove DM, Marnane CL, Wagner R, Manicavasagar VL, Rees S. The prevalence and correlates of adult separation anxiety disorder in an anxiety clinic. BMC Psychiatry. 2010;10:21. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-10-21
  • Pini S, Abelli M, Troisi A, Siracusano A, Cassano GB, Shear KM, et al. The relationships among separation anxiety disorder, adult attachment style and agoraphobia in patients with panic disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2014;28(8):741-746. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.06.010
  • Silove D, Manicavasagar V, O'Connell D, Morris-Yates A. Genetic factors in early separation anxiety: implications for the genesis of adult anxiety disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1995;92(1):17-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09537.x
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There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychiatry
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Fatih Ekici 0000-0003-4000-7429

Gizem Karaoğlan 0000-0001-8189-930X

Ali Kandeğer 0000-0001-6940-0940

Lütfi Saltuk Demir 0000-0002-8022-3962

Özkan Güler 0000-0002-7775-3962

Early Pub Date December 29, 2023
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date November 28, 2023
Acceptance Date December 13, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 33 Issue: 6

Cite

Vancouver Ekici F, Karaoğlan G, Kandeğer A, Demir LS, Güler Ö. Exploring Overlooked Anxiety Disorders: A Study on the Prevalence of Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder and Specific Phobia in the General Population. Genel Tıp Derg. 2023;33(6):796-805.

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