Cyamophiliopsis sarmatica Low 1882

Cyamophiliopsis sarmatica (Löw, 1882)

(Figs 23‒30)

Psylla sarmatica Löw 1882: 93; Klimaszewski 1962: 215, 1973: 224; Loginova 1964: 469, 1972: 293; Konovalova 1988: 525. Cyamophiliopsis sarmatica: Li 2011: 677.

Psylla spiraeae Becker, manuscript name, synonymized by Löw 1882: 93.

Synonymised with Psylla fasciata Löw 1881 by Šulc 1909: 22; Aulmann 1913: 14; Gegechkori & Loginova 1990: 64. Synonymised with Psylla flori Puton 1871 by Aulmann 1913: 15.

Redescription. Coloration: Seasonally dimorphic. Summer form: Body bicolor in overall view. Head and thorax appearing orange, dorsal surface mostly covered with orange markings. Vertex white in ground color, pattern as in Fig. 23; genal process yellow medially in front view, other areas orange; compound eyes grey, ocelli orange; antenna yellow, with black apices on segments IV, VI and VIII, brown apices on segments V and VII, and segments IX‒X entirely black. Thoracic terga white in ground color, mostly covered by orange stripes and patterns; central portion of pronotum with three longitudinal stripes. Thoracic pleurites orange. Legs yellow, dorsal surface of fore- and mesofemora more or less darker. Forewing (Fig. 28) membrane yellowish and hyaline, with apical-posterior margin infuscate, gradually fading basally; narrow bands along veins M, M1+2, M3+4, Cu1, Cu1a and Cu1b darker brown; veins yellow. Abdomen pale yellow, with anterior portion of tergum III darkened. Male and female terminalia of the same color as abdomen, with tip of paramere black.

Winter form: Body brown in overall view. Head and thoracic dorsum yellowish brown in ground color, with obscure brown pattern, particularly vague in vertex. Antennae missing in examined specimen. Thoracic pleurites blackish brown. Legs brown, dorsum of each femur more or less blackish. Forewing membrane translucent, yellowish; narrow bands along veins R, Rs, M+Cu1, M, M1+2, M3+4, Cu1, Cu1a and Cu1b brown; veins brown. Abdomen brown. Female terminalia black.

Structures: Head (Fig. 23) inclined from longitudinal body axis by about 70° and slightly wider than mesoscutum. Inner anterior corner of vertex protruding, outer anterior corner of vertex relatively distinct but not extended downwards, gradually transiting into antennal base after small bulge. Genal processes cone-shaped, about 3/5 as long as vertex along median suture, apex narrowly rounded; genal whip setae outstanding in length. Antenna slightly longer than head width and slender, the lower based terminal seta about twice as long as the higher based one.

Pronotum relatively long longitudinally, and relatively strongly arched, strongly inclined from longitudinal body axis. The anterior branch of the dorsal bifurcation of propleural sulcus (Fig. 29) short, obscure and horizontal, posterior branch about 1/3 as long as anterior branch and clear, stretching obliquely dorsally, reaching posterior angle of pronotum; ventral section strongly curved cephalad, before the apophysis. Forewing (Fig. 28) membranous; cell m1 conspicuously wider than m2 apically, with M3+4 slightly curved posteriorly; surface spinules stout, covering most fields of all cells, leaving spinule-free bands along veins that gradually grow narrower apically; fields of radular spinules as in Fig. 28. Metatibia (Fig. 30) with small and relatively acute basal spine.

Male terminalia: Proctiger (Fig. 24) tubular and moderately arched, with setae that gradually grow denser apically. Paramere (Figs 24 & 26) shorter than proctiger, base with a distinct lamellar lobe posteriorly; apical part small, with apex relatively strongly curved inwards; lateral lobe nearly triangular and large, with apex rounded and anterior margin slightly indented, inner surface of dorsal margin and apical angle with 6 subacute thick spines, anterior margin with a thick seta on inner surface; a band of about 10 relatively smaller subacute spines present at transition line between lateral lobe and main part on inner surface, along with several thick short setae. Distal segment of aedeagus (Fig. 25) long and slender; apex of apical dilatation blunt; membranous sack rounded; end tube of ductus ejaculatorius stretching almost straightly dorsal. Subgenital plate (Fig. 24) hemispherical; a longitudinal band of several setae present in dorsal margin, ventral surface with evenly spaced setae.

Female terminalia (Fig. 27): Apex of proctiger nearly straight, only slightly raised; apical process of proctiger with 1+1 longitudinal rows of relatively long setae and dozens of peg setae near lateral margins. Subgenital plate relatively elongate, with relatively inconspicuous ventral bulge located in posterior 1/ 3 in profile; bearing short stout setae that are longer than peg setae found in other Cyamophiliopsis spp., present bilaterally around ventral bulge and near apex.

Material examined. China: Inner Mongolia: 2 ♂, 6 ♀, Ewenki, Honghuaerji, 780 m, 20‒23.viii.1986, Li Fasheng, partly on Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica; 1 female, Manzhouli, 27.viii.1986, Li Fasheng. Mongolia: Ulaanbaatar: 1 female, winter form, Zaisan, 10.vi.1962, (borrowed from University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, not type series).

Host plant. Spiraea hypericifolia (Loginova 1964), S. crenata (Loginova 1972), S. sp. (Loginova 1964), S. aquilegifolia (Li 2011).

Distribution. China: Inner Mongolia; Georgia (Klimaszewski 1962); Russia: Volgograd (Loginova 1964), Irkutsk (Konovalova 1988), Caucasus (Konovalova 1988), Kamchaka (Konovalova 1988), Yakutia (Konovalova 1988); Mongolia (Klimaszewski 1963; Loginova 1972); Kazakhstan (Konovalova 1988).

Remarks. Materials and photos sent by Dr. Jowita Drohojowska, University of Silesia, Poland, helped with the identification and redescription of the species. This species has been considered a junior synonym of C. fasciata by Šulc (1909), Aulmann (1913) and Gegechkori & Loginova (1990). According to the illustrations of the forewing of C. fasciata by Löw (1881) and Baeva (1985) there are stable differences between the two species: C. fasciata bears a band-shaped brown pattern along the apical-posterior margin and Cu2, relatively narrow and with clear demarcation, not expanded to the branching point of M, leaving uncolored patches at the fields of radular spinules in m1, m2 and cu1; forewing pattern of C. sarmatica is indistinct, expanded beyond the branching point of M, and without light patches at outer margin of cells. Aulmann’s (1913) synonymy with Psylla flori is erroneous (Klimaszewski 1973). Considering that Aulmann synonymized P. sarmatica twice in two adjacent entries, the one with P. flori was probably a printing error.