Parulidae Wetmore, Friedmann, Lincoln, Miller, Peters, van Rossem, Van Tyne & Zimmer 1947

Parulidae

Parkesia noveboracensis (VAG): is a migratory species that departs from breeding areas in Alaska, Canada and the USA in late July/early August, reaches its wintering areas (Central America and from southern to northern Amazon) in September, and begins to return in March (Curson, 2016b). It has been recorded for PA in November (Sick, 1997; MPEG 32507 [PA, 1978, November]), for Viruá National Park/RR in January (Laranjeiras et al., 2010) and abril (MZUSP 99534 [RR, 2014, April]), for Presidente Figueiredo/AM in January (WikiAves, 2016) and for Boa Vista/RR in February (WikiAves, 2016).

[Setophaga cerulea] (VAG): is an endangered migratory species that breeds in Canada and the USA, and overwinters mainly in the foothills of the Andes in Venezuela and Colombia to southern Peru and western Bolivia (Curson, 2010). Douglas Stotz recorded many individuals in 1991 in the montane forests from southeastern Brazil (Robbins et al., 1992). There are also records for RJ in October and November (Scott & Brooke, 1985), SP in January (Willis & Oniki, 2003) and MG in April (J.F. Pacheco, pers.obs.). This species probably occurs in Brazil, but there is no known or available documented evidence of this occurrence.

Setophaga fusca (VAG): is a migratory species. It occurs from North America to northern South America (Grantsau, 2010). It breeds in North America and overwinters mainly in intermediate elevations in the Andes and Tepuis (Stotz et al., 1992). It has been considered vagrant in Brazil (Curson, 2010) and recorded for ES in December (Sick, 1997), CE in March (Teixeira et al., 1993), PA in October and November (Silva, 2011b; MPEG 21513 [PA, 1961, October]), Jaú National Park/AM in January (Whitney, 1994), region of Manaus/AM in March (Stotz et al., 1992) and in January, when it was photographed (WikiAves, 2016).

[Setophaga virens] (VAG): breeds in Canada and the USA and migrates during winter to Central America and the Caribbean, locally to Mexico and in smaller numbers to southern USA, northern Colombia and Venezuela (Curson, 2010). Two undocumented sightings have been reported for ConceiÇão do Castelo/ES and the Itataia National Park/RJ in April 2000 and September 2001 respectively (Parrini et al., 2002).

Geothlypis agilis (VAG): is a long distance migrant that breeds in southern Canada and northern USA, from where it departs in mid-August and reaches its wintering areas in the plains of South America in eastern Colombia and Venezuela, northern Bolivia and northern central Brazil in mid-October. Its return is in May (Curson, 2010). Its wintering area is little known and it is possible that this species only passes through Brazil (M. Cohn-Haft, pers. comm.), even though the Amazonian region has been recognized as its main wintering area (Stotz et al., 1992). There are historic records for AM and MT (Sick, 1997; Nunes & Tomas, 2008) one recent documented record obtained for AC (Marques & Guilherme, 2014) and one specimen collected in RO in April (MPEG 35169).

[Cardellina canadensis] (VAG): breeds in southern Canada and northeastern USA, from where it departs in late July or August to fly mainly south through the Mississippi Valley and the Appalachian Mountains to the Gulf of Mexico and reach South America by different pathways in late September (Curson, 2016c). Spring migration starts from March in Peru to mid-April in Colombia.The species reaches the south of the breeding area in late April and the north in late May (Curson, 2016c). The alleged Brazilian record for RR in April (Sick, 1997) is of a skin collected in the Venezuelan portion of the Serra Parima (Mallet-Rodrigues, 2002). There are two undocumented records for RJ in November 2004 and January 2006 (Whittaker & Foster, 2005; Gagliardi, 2006).