Anthrax meningoencephalitis, a diagnostic and treatment challenge – a case report

Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) infection is rarely diagnosed in Romania, cases being sporadic, coming especially from the agrarian environment. Anthrax is a zoonotic infection, and humans are incidental hosts. Early nonspecific symptomatology makes detection of anthrax cases difficult, but compete anamnesis related to patient activity or exposure to animal products can raise suspicion of anthrax. A patient with a clinical suspicion of bacillus anthracis infection should receive an effective treatment very quickly to avoid neurological complications that have a high death rate.