Palabras clave
plomo
cadmio
hongo filamentoso
concentración mínima inhibitoria
Cómo citar
##article.highlights##
- Se aisló el hongo Aspergillus terreus de suelo contaminado con metales tóxicos.
- A. terreus mostró alto índice de tolerancia al plomo (0.9) y mercurio (0.8).
- La concentración mínima inhibitoria con plomo y mercurio fue mayor de 500 ppm.
- El cadmio fue el más tóxico con índices de 0.56 y 0.2 a 50 ppm y 100 ppm, respectivamente.
- En el sistema multimetal (cadmio, cromo, mercurio y plomo), el índice fue alto (0.9) a 64 ppm.
Resumen
Introducción: La contaminación por metales es uno de los principales problemas ambientales. Algunos metales son tóxicos a concentraciones muy bajas, se bioacumulan y no se descomponen a formas no tóxicas.
Objetivo: Aislar una cepa de hongo microscópico en un sitio contaminado con metales tóxicos y evaluar la tolerancia a dichas sustancias.
Materiales y métodos: El hongo se aisló de suelo de una mina abandonada de extracción de plomo. El índice de tolerancia del hongo al cadmio, mercurio y plomo se evaluó de manera individual a concentraciones de 50, 100, 250, 350 y 500 ppm; además, se evaluó un sistema multimetal (mezcla) con cadmio, cromo, mercurio y plomo a 4, 8, 16, 64, 80, 120, 200 y 400 ppm. También se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI).
Resultados y discusión: El hongo aislado se identificó como Aspergillus terreus, el cual mostró índices de tolerancia altos al plomo (0.9) en todas las concentraciones evaluadas e índices de 0.8 en la mayoría de las concentraciones de mercurio. El cadmio fue el metal más tóxico; se observaron índices de tolerancia de 0.56 y 0.2 a 50 ppm y 100 ppm, respectivamente. En el sistema multimetal se observaron índices de tolerancia altos (0.9) hasta los 64 ppm. La CMI fue mayor de 500 ppm con plomo y mercurio, menor de 250 ppm con el cadmio y mayor de 400 ppm con el sistema multimetal.
Conclusión: A. terreus mostró alta tolerancia al plomo en todas las concentraciones evaluadas. El nivel de tolerancia se ve influenciado por el tipo de metal.
Citas
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