Öz
Merhamet yorgunluğu, hasta veya acı çeken bireylerin yaşadıkları travmaya uzun süre maruz kalma, onlara uzun süre merhamet gösterme ve bakım sırasında empati kurma sonucunda oluşan psikolojik bitkinlik halidir. Hemşirelik, hasta ve acı çeken bireylerin acılarına yakından tanık olma, empati kurma ve bakım ilişkisini gerektirmesi nedeniyle merhamet yorgunluğunun en ağır yaşandığı meslek gruplarından biridir. Literatürde özellikle kronik hastalıklar ve uzun süreli karmaşık tedaviler nedeniyle daha fazla olumsuz deneyim yaşayan hastalara bakım veren yoğun bakım, onkoloji, geriatri, pediatri hemşirelerinin daha fazla merhamet yorgunluğu yaşadığı bildirilmektedir. Merhamet yorgunluğu yaşayan hemşirelerde zamanla kan basıncı değişimleri, uykusuzluk, immün sistem fonksiyonlarında bozulma, anksiyete, depresyon, sosyal izolasyon, kişiler arası ilişkileri sürdürmede yetersizlik gibi çeşitli fiziksel, ruhsal ve sosyal sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Bu sorunlar bilişsel süreçlerde bozulmaya neden olarak tıbbi hataların artmasına neden olmakta, hemşirelerin yaşam kalitesini, klinik karar verme becerisini, sunulan sağlık hizmetlerini önemli derecede etkilemektedir. Bakım kalitesini doğrudan tehdit eden, hemşirelerin duyarsızlaşma ve işten ayrılmalarına neden olan merhamet yorgunluğuna karşı önlem programlarının oluşturulması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu derlemede hemşirelerde merhamet yorgunluğu ve etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Aycock N, Boyle D. Interventions to manage compassion fatigue in oncology nursing. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2009; 13(2):183-191.
- 2. Figley CR. Compassion fatigue: Psychotherapists’ chronick lack of self care. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002; 58(11):1433-41.
- 3. Coetzee SK, Klopper HC. Compassion fatigue within nursing practice: a concept analysis. Nurs Health Sci. 2010; 12(2):235–43.
- 4. Stamm BH. Measuring compassion satisfaction as well as fatigue: developmental history of the compassion satisfaction and fatigue test. In: Figley CR editör. Treating Compassion Fatigue. 1 th ed. New York: Routledge; 2002, 107–19.
- 5. Joinson C. Coping with compassion fatigue. Nursing. 1992; 22(4):116-21.
- 6. Dikmen Y, Aydın Y. Hemşirelerde merhamet yorgunluğu: Ne?, Nasıl?, Ne yapmalı?. J Hum Rhythm. 2016; 2(1):13-21.
- 7. Sabo B. Reflecting on the concept of compassion fatigue. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 2011; 16(1):1.
- 8. Jenkins B, Warren NA. Concept analysis: compassion fatigue and effects upon critical care nurses. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly. 2012; 35(4):388-95.
- 9. Abendroth M, Flannery J. Predicting the risk of compassion fatigue: A study of hospice nurses. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing. 2006; 8(6):346−56.
- 10. Arimon Pages E, Torres Puig Gros J, Paz Fernandes Ortega P, Canela Soler J. Emotional impact and compassion fatigue in oncology nurses: Results of a multicentre study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2019; 43.
- 11. Berger J, Polivka B, Smoot EA, Owens H. Compassion fatigue in pediatric nurses, Journal of Pediatric Nurses, 2015; 30(6):11-17.
- 12. Ledoux K. Understanding compassion fatigue: understanding compassion. J Adv Nurs. 2015; 71:2041–50.
- 13. Robins P, Meltzer L, Zelikovsky N. The experience of secondary traumatic stress upon care providers working within a children’s hospital. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2009; 24:270–9.
- 14. Sekol MA, Kim SC. Job satisfaction, burnout, and stress among pediatric nurses in various specialty units at an acute care hospital. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2014; 4:115–24.
- 15. Meadors P, Lamson A. Compassion fatigue and secondary traumatization: Provider self care on intensive care units for children. Journal of Pediatric Health Care. 2008; 22:24-34.
- 16. Showalter SE. Compassion fatigue: What is it? Why does it matter? Recognizing the symptoms, acknowledging the impact, developing the tools to prevent compassion fatigue and strengthen the professional already suffering from the effects. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. 2010; 27(4):239–42.
- 17. McHolm F. Rx for compassion fatigue. Journal of Christian Nursing. 2006; 23(4):12-19.
- 18. Lynch SH, Lobo ML. Compassion fatigue in family caregivers: a Wilsonian concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2012; 68(9):2125-34.
- 19. Boellinghaus I, Jones FW, Hutton J. The role of mindfulness and loving-kindless meditation in cultivating self-compasiion and other focused concern in health care professionals. Mindfulness. 2014; 5:129-38.
- 20. Solomon J. Nurses’ Coping Strategies With Compassion Fatigue – A Literature Review. Jyväskylä University of Applied Sciences, Degree Programme in Nursing Social Services, Health and Sports, Bachelor’s Thesis. 2014.
- 21. Hesselgrave J. Coping with compassion fatigue in pediatric oncology nursing. Oncol Times. 2014; 36(15):2-3.
- 22. Duarte J, Pinto-Gouveia J. Effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention on oncology nurses’ burnout and compassion fatigue symptoms: a non-randomized study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016; 64:98-107.
- 23. Hevezi JA. Evaluation of a meditation intervention to reduce the effects of stressors associated with compassion fatigue among nurses. J Holist Nurs. 2016; 34(4):343-50.
- 24. Gauthier T, Meyer RM, Grefe D, Gold JI. An on-the-job mindfulness-based intervention for pediatric ICU nurses: a pilot. J Pediatr Nurs. 2015; 30(2):402-9.
- 25. Adimando A. Preventing and alleviating compassion fatigue through self-care: an edu- cational workshop for nurses. J Holist Nurs. 2018; 36(4):304-17.
- 26. Boyle DA. Countering compassion fatigue: A requisite nursing agenda. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 2011; 16( 1):2.
- 27. Gentry JE, Baranowsky AB. Compasssion fatigue resiliency- Anew attitude. J Contin Educ Nurs. 2015; 46(2):83-8.
- 28. Rajeswari H, Sreelekha BK, Nappinai S, Subrahmanyam U, Rajeswari V. Impact of accelerated recovery program on compassion fatigue among nurses ın South India. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2020; 25(3):249-53.
- 29. Austin W, Goble E, Leier B, Byrne P. Compassion fatigue: The experience of nurses. Ethics and Social Welfare. 2009; 3:195-214.
- 30. Houcuk D. Helping nurses cope with grief and compassion fatigue: An educational intervention. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2014; 18(4):454-8.
- 31. Flarity K, Gentry JE, Mesnikoff N. The effectiveness of an educational program on preventing and treating compassion fatigue in emergency nurses. Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal. 2013; 35(9):247-58.
- 32. Shinbara CG, Olson L. When nurses grieve: spirituality’s role in coping, Journal of Christian Nursing. 2010; 27(1):32-7.
- 33. Patricia P. Developing a systemic program for compassion fatigue. Nursing Administration Quarterly. 2013; 37(4):326-32.
Öz
Compassion fatigue is a state of psychological exhaustion caused by prolonged exposure to the trauma of the sick and suffering individuals, showing compassion to them and empathy during care. Nurses are one of the professions which compassion fatigue is most intense, as it requires close testimony, empathy and caring relationship to the pain of sick and suffering individuals. In the literature, it is reported that intensive care, oncology, geriatric, and pediatric nurses who care for patients who experience more negative experiences due to chronic diseases and long-term complex treatments experience more compassion fatigue. Nurses experiencing compassion fatigue experience various physical, mental and social problems such as blood pressure changes, insomnia, impaired immune system functions, anxiety, depression, social isolation, and inability to maintain interpersonal relationships. These problems cause an increase in medical errors by causing impairment in cognitive processes, and significantly affect nurses' quality of life, clinical decision-making and health services. It is of great importance to create prevention programs against compassion fatigue that directly threatens the quality of care and causes nurses to become depersonalized and quit their jobs. In this review, it is aimed to examine compassion fatigue in nurses and its effects
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Aycock N, Boyle D. Interventions to manage compassion fatigue in oncology nursing. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2009; 13(2):183-191.
- 2. Figley CR. Compassion fatigue: Psychotherapists’ chronick lack of self care. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002; 58(11):1433-41.
- 3. Coetzee SK, Klopper HC. Compassion fatigue within nursing practice: a concept analysis. Nurs Health Sci. 2010; 12(2):235–43.
- 4. Stamm BH. Measuring compassion satisfaction as well as fatigue: developmental history of the compassion satisfaction and fatigue test. In: Figley CR editör. Treating Compassion Fatigue. 1 th ed. New York: Routledge; 2002, 107–19.
- 5. Joinson C. Coping with compassion fatigue. Nursing. 1992; 22(4):116-21.
- 6. Dikmen Y, Aydın Y. Hemşirelerde merhamet yorgunluğu: Ne?, Nasıl?, Ne yapmalı?. J Hum Rhythm. 2016; 2(1):13-21.
- 7. Sabo B. Reflecting on the concept of compassion fatigue. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 2011; 16(1):1.
- 8. Jenkins B, Warren NA. Concept analysis: compassion fatigue and effects upon critical care nurses. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly. 2012; 35(4):388-95.
- 9. Abendroth M, Flannery J. Predicting the risk of compassion fatigue: A study of hospice nurses. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing. 2006; 8(6):346−56.
- 10. Arimon Pages E, Torres Puig Gros J, Paz Fernandes Ortega P, Canela Soler J. Emotional impact and compassion fatigue in oncology nurses: Results of a multicentre study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2019; 43.
- 11. Berger J, Polivka B, Smoot EA, Owens H. Compassion fatigue in pediatric nurses, Journal of Pediatric Nurses, 2015; 30(6):11-17.
- 12. Ledoux K. Understanding compassion fatigue: understanding compassion. J Adv Nurs. 2015; 71:2041–50.
- 13. Robins P, Meltzer L, Zelikovsky N. The experience of secondary traumatic stress upon care providers working within a children’s hospital. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2009; 24:270–9.
- 14. Sekol MA, Kim SC. Job satisfaction, burnout, and stress among pediatric nurses in various specialty units at an acute care hospital. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2014; 4:115–24.
- 15. Meadors P, Lamson A. Compassion fatigue and secondary traumatization: Provider self care on intensive care units for children. Journal of Pediatric Health Care. 2008; 22:24-34.
- 16. Showalter SE. Compassion fatigue: What is it? Why does it matter? Recognizing the symptoms, acknowledging the impact, developing the tools to prevent compassion fatigue and strengthen the professional already suffering from the effects. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. 2010; 27(4):239–42.
- 17. McHolm F. Rx for compassion fatigue. Journal of Christian Nursing. 2006; 23(4):12-19.
- 18. Lynch SH, Lobo ML. Compassion fatigue in family caregivers: a Wilsonian concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2012; 68(9):2125-34.
- 19. Boellinghaus I, Jones FW, Hutton J. The role of mindfulness and loving-kindless meditation in cultivating self-compasiion and other focused concern in health care professionals. Mindfulness. 2014; 5:129-38.
- 20. Solomon J. Nurses’ Coping Strategies With Compassion Fatigue – A Literature Review. Jyväskylä University of Applied Sciences, Degree Programme in Nursing Social Services, Health and Sports, Bachelor’s Thesis. 2014.
- 21. Hesselgrave J. Coping with compassion fatigue in pediatric oncology nursing. Oncol Times. 2014; 36(15):2-3.
- 22. Duarte J, Pinto-Gouveia J. Effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention on oncology nurses’ burnout and compassion fatigue symptoms: a non-randomized study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016; 64:98-107.
- 23. Hevezi JA. Evaluation of a meditation intervention to reduce the effects of stressors associated with compassion fatigue among nurses. J Holist Nurs. 2016; 34(4):343-50.
- 24. Gauthier T, Meyer RM, Grefe D, Gold JI. An on-the-job mindfulness-based intervention for pediatric ICU nurses: a pilot. J Pediatr Nurs. 2015; 30(2):402-9.
- 25. Adimando A. Preventing and alleviating compassion fatigue through self-care: an edu- cational workshop for nurses. J Holist Nurs. 2018; 36(4):304-17.
- 26. Boyle DA. Countering compassion fatigue: A requisite nursing agenda. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 2011; 16( 1):2.
- 27. Gentry JE, Baranowsky AB. Compasssion fatigue resiliency- Anew attitude. J Contin Educ Nurs. 2015; 46(2):83-8.
- 28. Rajeswari H, Sreelekha BK, Nappinai S, Subrahmanyam U, Rajeswari V. Impact of accelerated recovery program on compassion fatigue among nurses ın South India. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2020; 25(3):249-53.
- 29. Austin W, Goble E, Leier B, Byrne P. Compassion fatigue: The experience of nurses. Ethics and Social Welfare. 2009; 3:195-214.
- 30. Houcuk D. Helping nurses cope with grief and compassion fatigue: An educational intervention. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2014; 18(4):454-8.
- 31. Flarity K, Gentry JE, Mesnikoff N. The effectiveness of an educational program on preventing and treating compassion fatigue in emergency nurses. Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal. 2013; 35(9):247-58.
- 32. Shinbara CG, Olson L. When nurses grieve: spirituality’s role in coping, Journal of Christian Nursing. 2010; 27(1):32-7.
- 33. Patricia P. Developing a systemic program for compassion fatigue. Nursing Administration Quarterly. 2013; 37(4):326-32.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Derleme |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3 |
