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INCUBATION SHARING OF NORTHERN BALD IBIS PARTNERS

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 167 - 181, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.51477/mejs.1003882

Abstract

The study was carried out during the free-flying period. Pairs share the incubation between the two sexes. In observations made between 2013 and 2015 (n=79 in day). Females incubated for 177.08 minutes per day on average while males incubated for 240.99 minutes per day. This incubation period is statistically different (P< 0.0001) withmales staying 23-32% longer than females. Females and males stayed in incubation together for only a short time. According to observations made(n=79), couples stay together on nests for 20.52 minutes in average. During the observations made all day long it was realized that eggs are left alone only 0.40 minutes on average.Incubation periods did not vary according to years. According to the observations made in 2013 (n=100) period for staying in the nest were not different than observations of years 2014 and 2015 statistically (P>0.05). According to 2014 (n=128) and 2015 (n=88) results no statistical difference could be observed between incubation periods (P >0.05).The excess eggs during incubation are protected by northern bald ibises which does not have any nest (altruism). From time to time synchronized behaviors can be observed in the population.

Supporting Institution

DİCLE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Project Number

DÜBAP-14-FF-73

Thanks

We thank our instructor, M. SadullahÖZTÜRK, the pioneer of the northern bald ibis rescue project, a true nature lover who helped us greatly. We would like to thank Christopher G. R. Bowden (RSPB-Royal Society for the Protection of Birds) for scientific contributions. This study was supported by Dicle University (DÜBAP-14-FF-73). Thanks to the northern bald ibises Brooding station workers and volunteers (General Directorate of Nature Conservation National Parks, Turkey). Thanks to the wardens who feed them. We would like to thank the team for the individual ringing of the northern bald ibises every year and the collection of blood samples. We thank Dr. E. Çakmak for sharing his knowledge of sex identification with DNA analysis (Department of Biology, Middle East Technical University, Turkey).

References

  • [1] Böhm, C., Bowden C.G.R., Seddon, P.J., Hatipoğlu, T., Oubrou, W., El Bekkay, M., Quevedo, M.A., Fritz, J., Yeniyurt, C., Lopez, J.M., Orueta, J.F., Didone, F.,Unsöld,M.,The northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita: history, current status and future perspectives. Oryx, 1-13. 2020. [2] Böhm,C., The Northern bald ibis EEP – an overview. (In: Eds. Böhm, C., Bowden, C., Jordan, M.) Northern bald ibis conservation and reintroduction workshop. IAGNBI Meeting Innsbruck 2003), 2003, pp 33-35
  • [3] Böhm,C., Der Waldrapp – eine (un)endliche Geschichte? Aktueller Status im Freiland und in Zoos, Schutzprojekte – eine aktuelle Übersicht. Zeitschrift des Kölner Zoos. 62 (2):107-123, 2019.
  • [4] Unsöld, M., Fritz, J., Methodik der Wiederansiedlung von sedentären und Migrierenden Waldrapp-Populationen. Vogelwarte 56: 402-403, 2018.
  • [5] Bowden, C.G.R., Aghnaj, A., Smith, K.W., Ribi, M.,The status and recent breeding performance of the critically endangered Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremite population on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, Ibis, 145, 419-431, 2003.
  • [6] Bowden, C.G.R., Smith, K.W., El Bekkay, M., Oubrou, W., Aghnaj, A., Jimenez- Armesto, M.,Contribution of research to conservation action for the Northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita in Morocco. Bird Conservation İnternational, 18 (S1), 74-90, 2008.
  • [7] Sikli, L., Oubrou, O., El Bekkay, M., Morocco wild population update (in eds. Böhm, C., Bowden, C.G.R.:Northern Bald Ibis Conservation and Translocation Workshop. Report of 4 th. International Advisory Group for the Northern Bald Ibis (IAGNBI) meeting Seekirchen, Austria; August 2016.
  • [8] Akçakaya, H.R., Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita population in Turkey: an evaluation of the captive breeding project for reintroduction. Biological Conservation 51, 225 - 237. 1990.
  • [9] Akçakaya, H.R., Akçakaya, R., Barış, Y.S.,Birecik’teki Kelaynak (Geronticus eremita) populasyonunun yok olma nedenleri ve koruma çalışmalarının değerlendirilmesi. Doğa-Turkish Journal of Zoology 16: 1–12. 1992.
  • [10] Arıhan, O., Recent information on the occurrence of the Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremite in Turkey. Turna 1(1): 10-15, 1998.
  • [11] Şahin, R., Kelaynak Kuşlarının (Geronticus eremita) Davranış ve Biyolojileri. Habilitation. Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey. 1980.
  • [12] Şahin, R., Erfolgreiche Volierenbrut der Waldrappen in der Türkei. Ornithologische Mitteilungen 32:72-74. 1980.
  • [13] Kılıç, A., Kelaynak Kuşunun (Geronticus eremita) Türkiye’deki Durumu (oral presentation). In: Biyoçeşitlilik Sempozyumu, 22-23 May 2015 Şanlıurfa, Turkey 2015. p.63.
  • [14] Kılıç, A., Reproduction Success in the Birecik Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita). Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 9 (1): 6-10. 2015.
  • [15] Unsöld, M., Fritz, J., Die Rückkehr des Waldrapps. Falke 61 (7): 27–29. 2014.
  • [16] Chernetsov. N., Berthold, P.,Querner, U., Migratory orientation of first-year white Storks (Ciconia ciconia): inherited information and social interactions. Journal Experimental Biology 207, 937-943.2004.
  • [17] Serra, G., Lindsell, J.A., Peske, L., Fritz, J., Bowden, C.G.R., Bruschini, C., Welch, G., Tavares, J.,Wondafrash, M., Accounting for the low survival of the Critically Endangered northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita on a major migratory flyway. Oryx, 49(2), 312-320, 2015.
  • [18] Holleis, A., Böhm,C.,Landmann, A., Treu sein oder nicht ?-Partnerwahl und Partner Treue beim Waldrapp Geronticus eremita. Vogelwarte, 47(4), 316-317. 2009.
  • [19] Şahin, R., Zum Form der Ehe freilebender Waldrappen (Geronticus eremita) in Birecik (Türkei). Ornithologische Mitteilungen. 34: 162 - 163. 1982.
  • [20] Şahin, R., Beitrag zum Fortpflanzungsverhalten der freilebenden Waldrappe (Geronticus eremita) in der Türkei, 2.Mitteilung: Paarung. Ökologie der Vögel, 5: 63 - 72. 1983.
  • [21] Kılıç, A.,Uysal, E., Yüksel, F.M. Kelaynak Kuşlarında Kuluçka Paylaşımı. 2. Ulusal Zooloji Kongresi, 28-31 Ağustos Afyonkarahisar -Turkey 2015, p:3.
  • [22] Şahin, R., Beitrag zum Fortpflanzungsverhalten der freilebenden Waldrappe (Geronticus eremita) in der Türkei. 3. Mitteilung: Eiablage, Brüten und Schlüpfen. Ökologie der Vögel. 5: 255-262. 1983.
  • [23] Şahin, R., Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen der freilebenden Waldrappe Geronticus eremita) in Birecik (Türkei). Ökologie der Vögel. 4 : 1 - 7. 1982.
  • [24] Çakmak, E., Akın Pekşen,Ç., Bilgin, C.C., Comparison of three different primer sets for sexing birds. Journal of Veterinary Di¬agnostic Investigation. 29: 59-63., 2017.
  • [25] Pegoraro, K., Der Waldrapp: vom Ibis, den man für einen Raben hielt. AULA. Wiesbaden, Germany, 1996.
  • [26] Pegoraro, K., Föger, M., Individuality in the Northern bald ibis or Waldrapp Ibis Geronticuseremita– key features for a com¬plex social system. Acrocephalus 22: 73-79. 2001.
  • [27] Böhm,C., Pegoraro, K., Der Waldrapp Geronticus eremita, Ein Glatzkopf in Turbulenzen. Verlags KG Wolf, 1. Auflage. Die Neue Brehm- Bücherei Bd 659, Westrap Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben. Leipzig, Germany. 2011.
  • [28] Yeniyurt, C., Kelaynakların (Geronticus eremita) Birecik’teki 2013 Yılı Üreme Başarıları. 22.Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi, 23-27 June 2014, Eskişehir, Turkey, 2014. p. 976.
  • [29] Özkınacı, G., Yeniyurt, C., Kelaynakların (Geronticus eremita) Birecik’teki 2015 Yılı Üreme Başarıları. XII. Ulusal Ekolojive Çevre Kongresi 14-17 September 2015, Muğla Turkey, 2015. p. 375.
  • [30] Kılıç, A., Uysal, E., Assessment of the incubation period for each sex of Turkish semi wild Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita). Turkish Journal of Zoology. 43, 617-627. 2019.
  • [31] Kılıç, A., Uysal, E., Yüksel, F., Kelaynak Kuşlarında Geronticus eremita) Kuluçka Öncesi Ve Yuva Kurma Davranışları. Anadolu Doğa Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2). 175-183. 2015.
  • [32] Immelmann, K., Wörterbuch der Verhaltensforschung. Parey. Berlin, Hamburg, 1982.
  • [33] Immelmann, K., Einführung in die Verhaltensforschung. Parey. 3. neubearb.u. erw.Aufl. Berlin, Hamburg, 1983.
  • [34] Şahin, R., Biricik, M., Etoloji. Karşılaştırmalı Hayvan Davranışı Bilimi. Dicle Üniversitesi Basımevi, Diyarbakır,Turkey. 1997.
  • [35] Cramp, S., Simmons, K.E.L., The Complete Birds of the Western Palearctic, Oxford University Press CD-Rom, Oxford, UK. 1998.
Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 167 - 181, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.51477/mejs.1003882

Abstract

Project Number

DÜBAP-14-FF-73

References

  • [1] Böhm, C., Bowden C.G.R., Seddon, P.J., Hatipoğlu, T., Oubrou, W., El Bekkay, M., Quevedo, M.A., Fritz, J., Yeniyurt, C., Lopez, J.M., Orueta, J.F., Didone, F.,Unsöld,M.,The northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita: history, current status and future perspectives. Oryx, 1-13. 2020. [2] Böhm,C., The Northern bald ibis EEP – an overview. (In: Eds. Böhm, C., Bowden, C., Jordan, M.) Northern bald ibis conservation and reintroduction workshop. IAGNBI Meeting Innsbruck 2003), 2003, pp 33-35
  • [3] Böhm,C., Der Waldrapp – eine (un)endliche Geschichte? Aktueller Status im Freiland und in Zoos, Schutzprojekte – eine aktuelle Übersicht. Zeitschrift des Kölner Zoos. 62 (2):107-123, 2019.
  • [4] Unsöld, M., Fritz, J., Methodik der Wiederansiedlung von sedentären und Migrierenden Waldrapp-Populationen. Vogelwarte 56: 402-403, 2018.
  • [5] Bowden, C.G.R., Aghnaj, A., Smith, K.W., Ribi, M.,The status and recent breeding performance of the critically endangered Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremite population on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, Ibis, 145, 419-431, 2003.
  • [6] Bowden, C.G.R., Smith, K.W., El Bekkay, M., Oubrou, W., Aghnaj, A., Jimenez- Armesto, M.,Contribution of research to conservation action for the Northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita in Morocco. Bird Conservation İnternational, 18 (S1), 74-90, 2008.
  • [7] Sikli, L., Oubrou, O., El Bekkay, M., Morocco wild population update (in eds. Böhm, C., Bowden, C.G.R.:Northern Bald Ibis Conservation and Translocation Workshop. Report of 4 th. International Advisory Group for the Northern Bald Ibis (IAGNBI) meeting Seekirchen, Austria; August 2016.
  • [8] Akçakaya, H.R., Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita population in Turkey: an evaluation of the captive breeding project for reintroduction. Biological Conservation 51, 225 - 237. 1990.
  • [9] Akçakaya, H.R., Akçakaya, R., Barış, Y.S.,Birecik’teki Kelaynak (Geronticus eremita) populasyonunun yok olma nedenleri ve koruma çalışmalarının değerlendirilmesi. Doğa-Turkish Journal of Zoology 16: 1–12. 1992.
  • [10] Arıhan, O., Recent information on the occurrence of the Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremite in Turkey. Turna 1(1): 10-15, 1998.
  • [11] Şahin, R., Kelaynak Kuşlarının (Geronticus eremita) Davranış ve Biyolojileri. Habilitation. Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey. 1980.
  • [12] Şahin, R., Erfolgreiche Volierenbrut der Waldrappen in der Türkei. Ornithologische Mitteilungen 32:72-74. 1980.
  • [13] Kılıç, A., Kelaynak Kuşunun (Geronticus eremita) Türkiye’deki Durumu (oral presentation). In: Biyoçeşitlilik Sempozyumu, 22-23 May 2015 Şanlıurfa, Turkey 2015. p.63.
  • [14] Kılıç, A., Reproduction Success in the Birecik Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita). Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 9 (1): 6-10. 2015.
  • [15] Unsöld, M., Fritz, J., Die Rückkehr des Waldrapps. Falke 61 (7): 27–29. 2014.
  • [16] Chernetsov. N., Berthold, P.,Querner, U., Migratory orientation of first-year white Storks (Ciconia ciconia): inherited information and social interactions. Journal Experimental Biology 207, 937-943.2004.
  • [17] Serra, G., Lindsell, J.A., Peske, L., Fritz, J., Bowden, C.G.R., Bruschini, C., Welch, G., Tavares, J.,Wondafrash, M., Accounting for the low survival of the Critically Endangered northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita on a major migratory flyway. Oryx, 49(2), 312-320, 2015.
  • [18] Holleis, A., Böhm,C.,Landmann, A., Treu sein oder nicht ?-Partnerwahl und Partner Treue beim Waldrapp Geronticus eremita. Vogelwarte, 47(4), 316-317. 2009.
  • [19] Şahin, R., Zum Form der Ehe freilebender Waldrappen (Geronticus eremita) in Birecik (Türkei). Ornithologische Mitteilungen. 34: 162 - 163. 1982.
  • [20] Şahin, R., Beitrag zum Fortpflanzungsverhalten der freilebenden Waldrappe (Geronticus eremita) in der Türkei, 2.Mitteilung: Paarung. Ökologie der Vögel, 5: 63 - 72. 1983.
  • [21] Kılıç, A.,Uysal, E., Yüksel, F.M. Kelaynak Kuşlarında Kuluçka Paylaşımı. 2. Ulusal Zooloji Kongresi, 28-31 Ağustos Afyonkarahisar -Turkey 2015, p:3.
  • [22] Şahin, R., Beitrag zum Fortpflanzungsverhalten der freilebenden Waldrappe (Geronticus eremita) in der Türkei. 3. Mitteilung: Eiablage, Brüten und Schlüpfen. Ökologie der Vögel. 5: 255-262. 1983.
  • [23] Şahin, R., Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen der freilebenden Waldrappe Geronticus eremita) in Birecik (Türkei). Ökologie der Vögel. 4 : 1 - 7. 1982.
  • [24] Çakmak, E., Akın Pekşen,Ç., Bilgin, C.C., Comparison of three different primer sets for sexing birds. Journal of Veterinary Di¬agnostic Investigation. 29: 59-63., 2017.
  • [25] Pegoraro, K., Der Waldrapp: vom Ibis, den man für einen Raben hielt. AULA. Wiesbaden, Germany, 1996.
  • [26] Pegoraro, K., Föger, M., Individuality in the Northern bald ibis or Waldrapp Ibis Geronticuseremita– key features for a com¬plex social system. Acrocephalus 22: 73-79. 2001.
  • [27] Böhm,C., Pegoraro, K., Der Waldrapp Geronticus eremita, Ein Glatzkopf in Turbulenzen. Verlags KG Wolf, 1. Auflage. Die Neue Brehm- Bücherei Bd 659, Westrap Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben. Leipzig, Germany. 2011.
  • [28] Yeniyurt, C., Kelaynakların (Geronticus eremita) Birecik’teki 2013 Yılı Üreme Başarıları. 22.Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi, 23-27 June 2014, Eskişehir, Turkey, 2014. p. 976.
  • [29] Özkınacı, G., Yeniyurt, C., Kelaynakların (Geronticus eremita) Birecik’teki 2015 Yılı Üreme Başarıları. XII. Ulusal Ekolojive Çevre Kongresi 14-17 September 2015, Muğla Turkey, 2015. p. 375.
  • [30] Kılıç, A., Uysal, E., Assessment of the incubation period for each sex of Turkish semi wild Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita). Turkish Journal of Zoology. 43, 617-627. 2019.
  • [31] Kılıç, A., Uysal, E., Yüksel, F., Kelaynak Kuşlarında Geronticus eremita) Kuluçka Öncesi Ve Yuva Kurma Davranışları. Anadolu Doğa Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2). 175-183. 2015.
  • [32] Immelmann, K., Wörterbuch der Verhaltensforschung. Parey. Berlin, Hamburg, 1982.
  • [33] Immelmann, K., Einführung in die Verhaltensforschung. Parey. 3. neubearb.u. erw.Aufl. Berlin, Hamburg, 1983.
  • [34] Şahin, R., Biricik, M., Etoloji. Karşılaştırmalı Hayvan Davranışı Bilimi. Dicle Üniversitesi Basımevi, Diyarbakır,Turkey. 1997.
  • [35] Cramp, S., Simmons, K.E.L., The Complete Birds of the Western Palearctic, Oxford University Press CD-Rom, Oxford, UK. 1998.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Ornithology
Journal Section Article
Authors

Ahmet Kılıç 0000-0001-6764-6752

Ersin Uysal 0000-0001-8349-3506

Project Number DÜBAP-14-FF-73
Publication Date December 30, 2021
Submission Date October 2, 2021
Acceptance Date December 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

IEEE A. Kılıç and E. Uysal, “INCUBATION SHARING OF NORTHERN BALD IBIS PARTNERS”, MEJS, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 167–181, 2021, doi: 10.51477/mejs.1003882.

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