ABSTRACT

Imagine a child who has never seen or heard any language at all. Would such a child be able to invent a language on her own? Despite what one might guess, the children described in this book make it clear that the answer to this question is 'yes'. The children are congenitally deaf and cannot learn the spoken language that surrounds them. In addition, they have not yet been exposed to sign language, either by their hearing parents or their oral schools. Nevertheless, the children use their hands to communicate - they gesture - and those gestures take on many of the forms and functions of language. The properties of language that we find in the deaf children's gestures are just those properties that do not need to be handed down from generation to generation, but can be reinvented by a child de novo - the resilient properties of language. This book suggests that all children, deaf or hearing, come to language-learning ready to develop precisely these language properties. In this way, studies of gesture creation in deaf children can show us the way that children themselves have a large hand in shaping how language is learned.

part I|51 pages

The Problem of Language-Learning

chapter 1|10 pages

Out of the Mouths of Babes

chapter 2|8 pages

How Do Children Learn Language?

chapter 3|9 pages

Language-Learning Across the Globe

chapter 4|10 pages

Language-Learning by Hand

chapter 5|11 pages

Does More or Less Input Matter?

part II|129 pages

Language Development Without a Language Model

chapter 7|6 pages

How Do We Begin?

chapter 8|11 pages

Words

chapter 9|14 pages

The Parts of Words

chapter 10|17 pages

Combining Words Into Simple Sentences

chapter 11|9 pages

Making Complex Sentences out of Simple Ones

Recursion

chapter 12|11 pages

Building a System

chapter 13|14 pages

Beyond the Here-and-Now

The Functions Gesture Serves

chapter 15|19 pages

Gesture Creation Across the Globe

part III|48 pages

The Conditions that Foster Language and Language-Learning

chapter 17|13 pages

When Does Gesture Become Language?

chapter 18|8 pages

Is Language Innate?

chapter 19|10 pages

The Resilience of Language