Published online Aug 10, 2015. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i10.960
Peer-review started: March 28, 2015
First decision: April 17, 2015
Revised: May 4, 2015
Accepted: July 7, 2015
Article in press: July 8, 2015
Published online: August 10, 2015
There is an increasing role for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided interventions in the treatment of many conditions. Although it has been shown that these types of interventions are effective and safe, they continue to be considered only as alternative treatments in some situations. This is in part due to the occurrence of complications with these techniques, which can occur even when performed by experienced endosonographers. Although common complications have been described for many procedures, it is also crucial to be aware of uncommon complications. This review describes rare complications that have been reported with several EUS-guided interventions. EUS-guided biliary drainage is accepted as an alternative treatment for malignant biliary obstruction. Most of the uncommon complications related to this procedure involve stent malfunction, such as the migration or malposition of stents. Rare complications of EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage can result from air embolism and infection. Finally, a range of uncommon complications has been reported for EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis, involving neural and vascular injuries that can be fatal. The goal of this review is to identify possible complications and promote an understanding of how they occur in order to increase general awareness of these adverse events with the hope that they can be avoided in the future.
Core tip: This article reviews the rare complications that occur with endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventions, including those for biliary and pancreatic pseudocyst drainage and celiac plexus neurolysis. Knowledge of the types of rare complications will promote an understanding of their causes, and help to reduce their occurrence.
- Citation: Chantarojanasiri T, Aswakul P, Prachayakul V. Uncommon complications of therapeutic endoscopic ultrasonography: What, why, and how to prevent. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 7(10): 960-968
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v7/i10/960.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v7.i10.960
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided interventions have recently been accepted as an alternative to percutaneous or radiologic-guided treatments, as well as for more invasive treatments such as surgery, for many conditions. Accumulating evidence continues to demonstrate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of these novel procedures. Although such methods are less invasive, there are reports of adverse events with EUS-guided transluminal therapies. It is important for endosonographers to have adequate knowledge of the indications, techniques, and potential risks before performing any given procedure. Indeed, many reviews have been published describing common complications related to EUS-guided procedures. However, only a limited number of studies report on rare complications. Thus, the purpose of this review was to identify the uncommon complications related to these interventions, evaluate how they occurred, and ascertain how to prevent them. To achieve this, a search was made of English-language human studies listed in the PubMed database that were published between1991 and December 2014. The following keywords were used alone or in combination with EUS: therapeutic complication, drainage, guidewire, celiac plexus neurolysis, tumor ablation, ethanol ablation, pancreatic fluid collection, pancreatic drainage, fiducial, cystogastrostomy, abscess drainage, antibiotics, endoscopy, vascular, glue injection, oncolytic virus, and cryotherapy. References of identified articles were also searched for potentially relevant studies.
EUS-guided procedures have recently gained popularity for performing biliary drainage in patients for whom endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has failed. The initial report of EUS-guided cholangiography in 1996 was followed by a description of EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy in 2001[1]. Since then, additional techniques for EUS-guided transluminal biliary drainage have been described, including creating a bilo-enteric fistula, using an EUS-antegrade approach, and a rendezvous technique to assist transpapillary cannulation[2]. Fistula tracts can be created either between the intrahepatic bile duct and stomach, as in EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy, or between the extrahepatic bile duct and duodenum, as in EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy[3]. These procedures have become a rescue therapy[4]. Although small case series of no more than five patients describe successful procedures with no complications[5-7], larger series report complication rates ranging from 9.5% to 40%[3,8-14]. The most common complications were bile leakage, stent misplacement, bleeding, and pneumoperitoneum, which accounted for 5.2%, 3.1%, 2.1%, and 1.0% of cases, respectively[3,15].Other rare complications such as biloma, cholangitis and perforation were also reported, all of which were related to the use of needle knife cautery in the multivariate analysis[15].
Most complications can be treated conservatively[15,16]. For example, biloma as a result of stent migration can be treated with a variety of methods[8,11], including percutaneous[3] or EUS-guided[17] drainage. Only one fatality was reported, which involved severe peritonitis[18]. A case of retrogastric fluid collection was successfully treated with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage[19]. Several series reported cholangitis as an early or late complication resulting from reflux of gastrointestinal (GI) contents or stent migration[11,14,15,20]. In other cases, shortening of the metallic stent after deployment caused misplacement into to the abdominal cavity or gastroduodenal perforation, which required surgical intervention[3,19,21]. Cases of bleeding from the puncture site[3,9,19] or from a hepatic artery aneurysm, which was treated by angiographic embolization[22], were also reported. One technical concern involving guidewire shearing by the EUS-needle bevel was reported, which was treated by radiologic intervention[23].
When inserting stents into the bilo-enteric tract, the membrane from fully/partially covered or specially designed metal stents prevents leakage of bile from the newly created tract. As stent shortening was related to cases of biloma, perforation, and peritonitis, an appropriate-length stent should be carefully selected and placed in the optimal position. Stent dislocation can be prevented by placing clips at the endoluminal stent margins[9], or, as we have observed, by placing a double-pigtail plastic stent inside the fully covered self-expanding metal stent. In addition, the maneuver applied during stent deployment is critical, and it is recommended that the endoscopist perform the initial stent deployment under fluoroscopic monitoring, before switching to endoscopic monitoring.
Infectious complications were reported[3], including a case of cholecystitis due to previous ERCP contamination of the obstructed biliary system[20]. Although the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in such procedures has not been established[24], it has been used by several authors who found that 4-5 d (nil per mouth) of antibiotic treatment was essential for preventing minor leakage and peritoneum contamination[4,10,20].
Although guidewire shearing during the procedure is not common during EUS-guided biliary drainage, the risk could be eliminated by avoiding acute angles during needle retraction and by retracting slowly with a lot of caution for any resistance. If any resistance is felt, the needle and the wire should be retracted concurrently[25]. Other authors recommend changing the EUS needle after puncture to a 4 Fr cannula for guidewire manipulation[26], or using a blunt-ended needle with a sharp needle-tip stylet (Access needle®; Wilson Cook Inc., Winston-Salem, NC, United States) for biliary access[23,27]. In one case, guidewire knotting occurred in an EUS-guided rendezvous procedure as a result of guidewire loop formation during endoscopic–catheter exchange[28]. In this report, the guidewire was untangled with rat-toothed forceps using a gastroscope, and the author suggested that, to prevent looping, constant tension on the wire should be maintained during exchanges. A summary of uncommon complications from EUS-guided biliary drainage is presented in Table 1.
| Ref. | Procedure | Stent | Complications(n/total successful cases) | Postulated causes | Treatment | Prevention recommendation |
| Püspök et al[20] | EUS-CDS, EUS-HGS, rendezvous | Plastic stent, FCSEMS, UCSEMS | Cholangitis (1/6), cholecystitis from previous ERCP (1/6) | Cholangitis may result from previous ERCP attempt | Antibiotics, PTBD, surgery | Consider antibiotic prophylaxis |
| Bories et al[11] | EUS-HGS, rendezvous | FCSEMS | Biloma (1/11), cholangitis (1/11) | Stent shortening | Percutaneous drainage (biloma), second stent insertion (cholangitis) | Select a stent of appropriate length Observe stent position during deployment (both endoscopic and fluoroscopic views) Keep at least 2 cm length of stent at the mural site |
| Attasaranya et al[19] | EUS-CDS, EUS-HGS, cholecystoduodenostomy, transduodenal FCSEMS insertion | Plastic stent, FCSEMS | Duodenal perforation (1/31), retrogastric collection (1/31), cholangitis (1/31) | Stent shortening | Surgery (duodenal perforation), percutaneous drainage (retrogastric collection) | |
| Martin et al[18] | EUS-HGS | PCSEMS | Stent migration and biloma | Stent migration | (Dead) | |
| Siddiqui et al[21] | EUS-CDS | FCSEMS | Duodenal perforation (1/8) | Stent shortening | Surgery | |
| Khashab et al[23] | EUS-HGS | Not mentioned | Wire shearing (1/1) | Injury from EUS needle | Percutaneous intervention | Avoid acute angulation of guidewire and retract it gently Change needle to a small-size cannula during guidewire manipulation |
| Prachayakul et al[8] | EUS-CDS, EUS-HGS | FCSEMS | Biloma (1/21) | Malpositioned stent | Percutaneous drainage[17] | Observe stent position during deployment (both endoscopic and fluoroscopic views) |
| Prachayakul et al[22] | EUS-HGS | FCSEMS | Bleeding from hepatic artery aneurysm (1/1) | Iatrogenic trauma during EUS-HGS | Angiographic embolization | Puncture site should be away from major vascular structure |
| Kawakubo et al[3] | EUS-CDS, EUS-HGS | Plastic stents, FCSEMS | Cholangitis (1/61), biloma (1/61), perforation (1/61) | Stent misplacement | Percutaneous drainage (biloma), surgery (perforation) | Observe stent position during deployment (both endoscopic and fluoroscopic views) |
| Saxena et al[28] | Rendezvous | FCSEMS | Guidewire knot | Guidewire formed a knot during exchanges | Untangled using forceps | Maintain constant pressure on the guidewire during exchanges |
EUS-guided pancreatic drainage can be performed to remove accumulated fluid due to acute pancreatitis or pancreatic duct obstruction. This procedure is typically performed via transpapillary, transluminal, or transanastomotic approaches with neotract formation or by the rendezvous technique in patients for whom ERCP has failed or who have surgically altered anatomy[25,29,30]. EUS-guided pancreatic drainage is effective with a lower morbidity compared to the other platforms[31]. The success rate depends on the type of fluid collection, and ranges from 50.0%-63.2% up to 100%[32,33]. The common complications of pancreatic duct drainage are pancreatitis, bleeding, perforation, and stent migration, with overall complication rates ranging from 0% to 52%[25,30,34]. In some case series, the complication rate was significantly higher in patients with necrosis compared to those with pseudocysts[34].
Less common complications that have been reported with EUS-guided pancreatic drainage include peri-pancreatic abscesses, fluid collection, and shearing of the guidewire during diagnostic pancreatography and therapeutic drainage[29,35-37]. In these reports, peri-pancreatic collection was the result of pancreatic fluid or pseudocyst leakage. To prevent bacterial peritonitis, some endoscopists recommend antibiotic prophylaxis[37]. Guidewire shearing occurred more frequently than was reported for EUS-guided biliary drainage, likely due to the greater angle between the EUS needle and the desired direction of the pancreatic duct[29,36], with similar remedies for prevention. A splenic artery aneurysm within the pancreatic pseudocyst was the cause of bleeding in one case, which was treated by selective angiographic embolization[38]. A summary of uncommon complications from EUS-guided pancreatic drainage is presented in Table 2.
| Ref. | Procedure | Stent | Complication (n/total successful cases) | Postulated causes | Treatment | Prevention recommendation |
| Hikishi et al[41] | EUS-cystogastrostomy drainage | Plastic stent, nasobiliary drainage | Gallbladder puncture and drainage | Marked distension of gallbladder with debris, overlapping location between pseudocyst and gallbladder in fluoroscopy | Conservative with antibiotics | EUS scanning prior to initiating drainage intervention |
| Barkay et al[29] | EUS-PD rendezvous, dye injection | Plastic stent | Peripancreatic abscess (1/10), wire shearing (1/10) | Failed to inject PD (peripancreatic abscess), repeated to-and-fro movements of wire | Percutaneous drainage (abscess), transluminal removal (wire) | Carefully manipulate the guidewire, avoid acute angles |
| Jow et al[40] | EUS-cystogastrostomy drainage | Not mentioned | Air emboli | Prolonged high pressure air sufflation, inflammation, mechanical injury | (Dead) | Use CO2 inflation instead of air |
| Fujii et al[36] | EUS-PD stent (antegrade and retrograde) | Plastic stents | Peripancreatic abscess (1/32), wire shearing (1/32) | Balloon dilation? Multiple devices (peripancreatic abscess), injury from EUS needle (wire shearing) | EUS-guided transmural drainage (abscess) | Carefully manipulate the guidewire |
| Kurihara et al[38] | EUS-PD rendezvous, and PD stenting | Plastic stents, UCSEMS | Pancreatic pseudocyst with splenic artery aneurysm | Pancreatic juice leakage | Angiographic embolization | Avoid major vascular structures |
The rare but fatal complication of air embolism was also reported, occurring in one patient who had previously undergone ERCP, and in one case of EUS with fine-needle aspiration of an accessory spleen[39]. A fatal case occurred in a patient who underwent EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage[40]. Hikichi et al[41] reported a case of gallbladder puncture and drainage following misdiagnosis of a pancreatic pseudocyst, which was treated with nasocystic-tube drainage and antibiotic administration. The authors strongly recommended that every endosonographer should verify the location of the puncture site via EUS-scanning before initiating any drainage intervention.
Celiac plexus neurolysis (CPN) and celiac plexus block (CPB) have been performed for more than five decades in patients with upper abdominal pain of pancreatic origin and from stomach, intestinal, and intra-abdominal metastases. CPB has been performed under guidance of radiography, fluoroscopy, CT, and ultrasonography. Common complications with this procedure include local pain, diarrhea, and hypotension, whereas lower extremity weakness, paresthesia, lumbar puncture, pneumothorax, pleuritic pain, hiccups, and hematuria occur in only 1% of patients[42]. EUS-guided CPB has gained in popularity since the 1990s as it enables the endoscopist to easily and accurately determine the location for injection[43]. For EUS-guided CPN, the complications are similar, with hypotension, pain, and diarrhea occurring in 3.4%-20.0%, 6.8%-9.0%, and 10.3%-17.0% of cases, respectively[44-46].
Uncommon complications, which occurred less than 1%, from EUS-guided CPN have primarily been described within case reports. Despite the improved injection-site localization, there were reports of anterior spinal cord infarction due to alcohol-induced injury to the lumbar artery and prolonged hypotension[44-48]. Nevertheless, the occurrence is much more infrequent than is observed with other approaches[49-54]. It is possible that spinal arterial spasm or thrombosis due to the chemical agent or the direct injection into the cerebrospinal fluid in cases of percutaneous injection caused the infarctions[49,55]. Other reports describe celiac artery thrombosis resulting in gastric ulceration with hepatosplenic infarction[42,56,57] or fatal multiple organ ischemia[58]. In two of these cases[56,58], color Doppler was performed either before or after the procedure to ensure celiac artery patency. Aspiration tests were also conducted after needle puncture in two cases[56,57]. The cause of arterial thrombosis was attributed to a vasospasm of affected vessels from alcohol irritation, as the amount of alcohol was similar among the cases. There was one case of peri-pancreatic collection after absolute alcohol injection that was treated by EUS-guided drainage and intravenous antibiotics[59]. Another case involved a mixed fungal and bacterial brain abscess as a result of hematogenous spread[60]. As with the other EUS-guided procedures, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis has not been established for these rare infectious complications[24]. A summary of uncommon complications from EUS-guided CPN is presented in Table 3.
| Ref. | Composition of injection solution | Complication | Treatment and outcome | Prevention recommendation |
| Fujii et al[47] | 0.25% bupivacaine in 99% alcohol (ganglia: 1 mL; plexus: 23 mL) | Paraplegia | Remained paraplegic until death | Use color Doppler to avoid intravascular injection Minimize the volume of absolute alcohol |
| Mittal et al[48] | 0.25% bupivacaine and epinephrine with alcohol (1:5) (ganglia: 5 mL; around the celiac artery: 19 mL) | Paraplegia | Lumbar drainage but no improvement | |
| Jang et al[56] | 0.25% bupivacaine (5 mL), 98% ethanol (10 mL), triamcinolone (1 mL) | Hepatosplenic, stomach, and small bowel infarctions, gastroduodenal ulcers | Supportive treatment, died 27 d later | |
| Ahmed et al[57] | 0.25% bupivacaine (20 mL), 98% ethanol (20 mL) | Pancreaticosplenic infarction, gastric ischemia and stenosis | Subtotal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy | |
| Gimeno-García et al[58] | 0.5% bupivacaine (5 mL), absolute alcohol (10 mL) on each side of the celiac takeoff | Thrombosis of celiac artery, pneumatosis of the stomach andsmall and large intestines, and liver, kidney, and spleen infarctions | Conservative treatment, died 8 d later | |
| Muscatiello et al[59] | Not mentioned | Peripancreatic abscess | EUS-guided aspiration of abscess and ceftazidime injection | Consider antibiotic prophylaxis |
| Lalueza et al[60] | Not mentioned | Brain abscess by Cladosporium macrocarpum and Streptococcus constellatus | Surgery, antibiotics, and antifungal |
Only a limited number of cases using EUS-guided intra-abdominal drainage for liver abscesses have been reported, which were performed without complications[61-65]. In addition, several reports involving 4-25 cases each of pelvic abscess drainage using a transrectal approach with or without an irrigation tube to prevent stent occlusion by fecal material have been described, also without complications[66-70]. One case series describes abscess drainage in nine patients through the esophagus, stomach, and colon[64]. Mediastinitis and pneumothorax developed in one patient who underwent transesophageal drainage of a pancreatic pseudocyst, and was treated conservatively. Stent migration occurred in another patient undergoing transcolonic drainage, which was treated endoscopically.
EUS-guided interventions have been used for creating portosystemic shunts to treat GI bleeding (both variceal and non-variceal bleeding)[71]. In addition, EUS-guided injection of cyanoacrylate or coil embolization has emerged for treatment of refractory variceal bleeding. Numerous studies have reported on the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of such methods with the aid of EUS Doppler for treatment of esophagogastric[72-75] and ectopic varices[76-78]. EUS-guidance allows for optimization of the obliteration rate as well as reduction of cyanoacrylate to lower the risk of embolization, which, though not completely eliminated, is not fatal[73]. Sclerotherapy and cyanoacrylate injections have also been used for non-variceal bleeding from duodenal ulcers, aneurysms, and Dieulafoy’s lesion[79,80]. EUS-guided injection of cyanoacrylate and polidocanol for treatment of upper GI bleeding had a success rate of 87.5%, with only one of these eight cases experiencing asymptomatic cyanoacrylate diffusion into the hepatic artery[79].
EUS-guided procedures have also shown promise for the treatment of intra-abdominal tumors and cystic lesions, such as pancreatic cystic neoplasms. Currently, there are only a few reports of ethanol ablation with or without paclitaxel lavage for pancreatic cystic lesions[81-86]. Common complications with these procedures included acute pancreatitis, abdominal pain, and hyperamylasemia. One case experienced asymptomatic splenic vein obliteration with collateral formations after 27 mo[86]. Ethanol ablation has also been described for solid tumors in the abdomen, including pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors[87-90], a GI stromal tumor[91], metastatic lymph nodes[92], and metastatic tumors in the liver[93,94] and adrenal glands[95]. The majority of these cases were treated successfully without complications, except for low-grade fever and hematomas following liver tumor ablation[94].
There are a few reports describing EUS-guided injection of biologic agents[96] and oncolytic virus therapy[97], and insertion of radioactive seed, cryotherapy, and fiducial placement for stereotactic body radiotherapy[98-103] to treat pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a deadly cancer for which only 15%-20% of patients are candidates for curative resection[96]. Adverse events were rare for these procedures, consisting of duodenal perforations due to the EUS tip, effects from the injected agents[97], mild pancreatitis, cholangitis, bleeding and fever[99-101]. Antibiotic prophylaxis was utilized in one study[100], in order to prevent cholangitis.
Therapeutic EUS is becoming more prominent in the treatment of many diseases due to the increased accuracy afforded by real-time high-resolution imaging. As a result, information regarding possible complications is greatly needed. The review presented here describes some of the less common complications that have been reported in various EUS-guided applications. By acknowledging the adverse events that occur, we can gain a better understanding of their causes and preventative actions to increase the safety of these techniques. EUS-guided interventions have been utilized for procedures of biliary and pancreatic drainage and CPN, as well as for various intra-abdominal conditions. Potential complications and preventive strategies will become clearer in the future as the number of patients treated and procedures reported increase. The authors recommended that endosonographers apply this knowledge in routine endoscopic practice for monitoring and early detection (including treatment) of these uncommon adverse events for the best clinical outcomes.
P- Reviewer: Amornyotin S, Eysselein VR, Rabago L S- Editor: Tian YL L- Editor: A E- Editor: Wu HL
| 1. | Giovannini M, Moutardier V, Pesenti C, Bories E, Lelong B, Delpero JR. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided bilioduodenal anastomosis: a new technique for biliary drainage. Endoscopy. 2001;33:898-900. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 446] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 441] [Article Influence: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 2. | Iwashita T, Doi S, Yasuda I. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage: a review. Clin J Gastroenterol. 2014;7:94-102. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 92] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 94] [Article Influence: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis (1)] |
| 3. | Kawakubo K, Isayama H, Kato H, Itoi T, Kawakami H, Hanada K, Ishiwatari H, Yasuda I, Kawamoto H, Itokawa F. Multicenter retrospective study of endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage for malignant biliary obstruction in Japan. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2014;21:328-334. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 146] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 144] [Article Influence: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 4. | Takada J, Carmo AM, Artifon EL. EUS-guided biliary drainage for malignant biliary obstruction in patients with failed ERCP. J Intervent Gastroenterol. 2013;3:76-81. [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 10] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 12] [Article Influence: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 5. | Ang TL, Teo EK, Fock KM. EUS-guided transduodenal biliary drainage in unresectable pancreatic cancer with obstructive jaundice. JOP. 2007;8:438-443. [PubMed] [Cited in This Article: ] |
| 6. | Artifon EL, Takada J, Okawa L, Moura EG, Sakai P. EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy for biliary drainage in unresectable pancreatic cancer: a case series. JOP. 2010;11:597-600. [PubMed] [Cited in This Article: ] |
| 7. | Hanada K, Iiboshi T, Ishii Y. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy for palliative biliary drainage in cases with inoperable pancreas head carcinoma. Dig Endosc. 2009;21 Suppl 1:S75-S78. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 40] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 47] [Article Influence: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 8. | Prachayakul V, Aswakul P. A novel technique for endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19:4758-4763. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in CrossRef: 24] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 22] [Article Influence: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 9. | Will U, Fueldner F, Kern C, Meyer F. EUS-Guided Bile Duct Drainage (EUBD) in 95 Patients. Ultraschall Med. 2015;36:276-283. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 3] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 9] [Article Influence: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 10. | Kim TH, Kim SH, Oh HJ, Sohn YW, Lee SO. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage with placement of a fully covered metal stent for malignant biliary obstruction. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18:2526-2532. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in CrossRef: 44] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 39] [Article Influence: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 11. | Bories E, Pesenti C, Caillol F, Lopes C, Giovannini M. Transgastric endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biliary drainage: results of a pilot study. Endoscopy. 2007;39:287-291. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 172] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 191] [Article Influence: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 12. | Mallery S, Matlock J, Freeman ML. EUS-guided rendezvous drainage of obstructed biliary and pancreatic ducts: Report of 6 cases. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;59:100-107. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 260] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 240] [Article Influence: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 13. | Hara K, Yamao K, Niwa Y, Sawaki A, Mizuno N, Hijioka S, Tajika M, Kawai H, Kondo S, Kobayashi Y. Prospective clinical study of EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy for malignant lower biliary tract obstruction. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106:1239-1245. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 120] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 133] [Article Influence: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 14. | Horaguchi J, Fujita N, Noda Y, Kobayashi G, Ito K, Koshita S, Kanno Y, Ogawa T, Masu K, Hashimoto S. Metallic stent deployment in endosonography-guided biliary drainage: long-term follow-up results in patients with bilio-enteric anastomosis. Dig Endosc. 2012;24:457-461. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 13] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 15] [Article Influence: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 15. | Park do H, Jang JW, Lee SS, Seo DW, Lee SK, Kim MH. EUS-guided biliary drainage with transluminal stenting after failed ERCP: predictors of adverse events and long-term results. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;74:1276-1284. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 220] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 212] [Article Influence: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 16. | Komaki T, Kitano M, Sakamoto H, Kudo M. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biliary drainage: evaluation of a choledochoduodenostomy technique. Pancreatology. 2011;11 Suppl 2:47-51. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 34] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 41] [Article Influence: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 17. | Prachayakul V, Aswakul P. Successful endoscopic treatment of iatrogenic biloma as a complication of endosonography-guided hepaticogastrostomy: The first case report. J Interv Gastroenterol. 2012;2:202-204. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 11] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 12] [Article Influence: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 18. | Martins FP, Rossini LG, Ferrari AP. Migration of a covered metallic stent following endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy: fatal complication. Endoscopy. 2010;42 Suppl 2:E126-E127. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 87] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 98] [Article Influence: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 19. | Attasaranya S, Netinasunton N, Jongboonyanuparp T, Sottisuporn J, Witeerungrot T, Pirathvisuth T, Ovartlarnporn B. The Spectrum of Endoscopic Ultrasound Intervention in Biliary Diseases: A Single Center’s Experience in 31 Cases. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2012;2012:680753. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 34] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 40] [Article Influence: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 20. | Püspök A, Lomoschitz F, Dejaco C, Hejna M, Sautner T, Gangl A. Endoscopic ultrasound guided therapy of benign and malignant biliary obstruction: a case series. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:1743-1747. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 123] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 132] [Article Influence: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 21. | Siddiqui AA, Sreenarasimhaiah J, Lara LF, Harford W, Lee C, Eloubeidi MA. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transduodenal placement of a fully covered metal stent for palliative biliary drainage in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. Surg Endosc. 2011;25:549-555. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 48] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 58] [Article Influence: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 22. | Prachayakul V, Thamtorawat S, Siripipattanamongkol C, Thanathanee P. Bleeding left hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: a complication of endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy. Endoscopy. 2013;45 Suppl 2 UCTN:E223-E224. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 7] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 9] [Article Influence: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 23. | Khashab MA, Dewitt J. Treatment and prevention of wire shearing during EUS-guided biliary drainage. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;76:921-923. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 4] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 5] [Article Influence: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 24. | Khashab MA, Chithadi KV, Acosta RD, Bruining DH, Chandrasekhara V, Eloubeidi MA, Fanelli RD, Faulx AL, Fonkalsrud L, Lightdale JR. Antibiotic prophylaxis for GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;81:81-89. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 225] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 240] [Article Influence: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis (2)] |
| 25. | Fujii-Lau LL, Levy MJ. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic duct drainage. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2015;22:51-57. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 48] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 55] [Article Influence: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 26. | Park do H, Jeong SU, Lee BU, Lee SS, Seo DW, Lee SK, Kim MH. Prospective evaluation of a treatment algorithm with enhanced guidewire manipulation protocol for EUS-guided biliary drainage after failed ERCP (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78:91-101. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 129] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 147] [Article Influence: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 27. | Romagnuolo J. Endoscopic choledochoenterostomy using a new blunt-ended endoscopic ultrasound-guided access device. Endoscopy. 2011;43 Suppl 2 UCTN:E356-E357. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 2] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 3] [Article Influence: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 28. | Saxena P, Aguila G, Kumbhari V, Khashab MA. Untying the knot: technique of unraveling a guidewire knot created during EUS-guided biliary drainage. Endoscopy. 2014;46 Suppl 1 UCTN:E140-E141. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 1] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 4] [Article Influence: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 29. | Barkay O, Sherman S, McHenry L, Yoo BM, Fogel EL, Watkins JL, DeWitt J, Al-Haddad MA, Lehman GA. Therapeutic EUS-assisted endoscopic retrograde pancreatography after failed pancreatic duct cannulation at ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:1166-1173. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 82] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 93] [Article Influence: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 30. | Tessier G, Bories E, Arvanitakis M, Hittelet A, Pesenti C, Le Moine O, Giovannini M, Devière J. EUS-guided pancreatogastrostomy and pancreatobulbostomy for the treatment of pain in patients with pancreatic ductal dilatation inaccessible for transpapillary endoscopic therapy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;65:233-241. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 164] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 178] [Article Influence: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 31. | Seewald S, Ang TL, Kida M, Teng KY, Soehendra N. EUS 2008 Working Group document: evaluation of EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic-fluid collections (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69:S13-S21. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 61] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 68] [Article Influence: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 32. | Fabbri C, Luigiano C, Maimone A, Polifemo AM, Tarantino I, Cennamo V. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;4:479-488. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in CrossRef: 43] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 43] [Article Influence: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 33. | Varadarajulu S, Bang JY, Phadnis MA, Christein JD, Wilcox CM. Endoscopic transmural drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections: outcomes and predictors of treatment success in 211 consecutive patients. J Gastrointest Surg. 2011;15:2080-2088. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 187] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 172] [Article Influence: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 34. | Fabbri C, Luigiano C, Lisotti A, Cennamo V, Virgilio C, Caletti G, Fusaroli P. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided treatments: are we getting evidence based--a systematic review. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:8424-8448. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in CrossRef: 90] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 85] [Article Influence: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 35. | Ergun M, Aouattah T, Gillain C, Gigot JF, Hubert C, Deprez PH. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transluminal drainage of pancreatic duct obstruction: long-term outcome. Endoscopy. 2011;43:518-525. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 81] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 93] [Article Influence: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 36. | Fujii LL, Topazian MD, Abu Dayyeh BK, Baron TH, Chari ST, Farnell MB, Gleeson FC, Gostout CJ, Kendrick ML, Pearson RK. EUS-guided pancreatic duct intervention: outcomes of a single tertiary-care referral center experience. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78:854-864.e1. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 85] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 90] [Article Influence: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 37. | Itoi T, Kasuya K, Sofuni A, Itokawa F, Kurihara T, Yasuda I, Nakai Y, Isayama H, Moriyasu F. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided pancreatic duct access: techniques and literature review of pancreatography, transmural drainage and rendezvous techniques. Dig Endosc. 2013;25:241-252. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 81] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 89] [Article Influence: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 38. | Kurihara T, Itoi T, Sofuni A, Itokawa F, Moriyasu F. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided pancreatic duct drainage after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with malignant and benign pancreatic duct obstructions. Dig Endosc. 2013;25 Suppl 2:109-116. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 53] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 60] [Article Influence: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 39. | Donepudi S, Chavalitdhamrong D, Pu L, Draganov PV. Air embolism complicating gastrointestinal endoscopy: A systematic review. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;5:359-365. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in CrossRef: 64] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 58] [Article Influence: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 40. | Jow AZ, Wan D. Complication of cardiac air embolism during ERCP and EUS-assisted cyst-gastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocyst. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;75:220-221. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 13] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 16] [Article Influence: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 41. | Hikichi T, Irisawa A, Takagi T, Shibukawa G, Wakatsuki T, Imamura H, Takahashi Y, Sato A, Sato M, Oyama H. A case of transgastric gallbladder puncture as a complication during endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of a pancreatic pseudocyst. Fukushima J Med Sci. 2007;53:11-18. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 6] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 8] [Article Influence: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 42. | Eisenberg E, Carr DB, Chalmers TC. Neurolytic celiac plexus block for treatment of cancer pain: a meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 1995;80:290-295. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 8] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 9] [Article Influence: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 43. | Wiersema MJ, Wiersema LM. Endosonography-guided celiac plexus neurolysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 1996;44:656-662. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 319] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 334] [Article Influence: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 44. | O’Toole TM, Schmulewitz N. Complication rates of EUS-guided celiac plexus blockade and neurolysis: results of a large case series. Endoscopy. 2009;41:593-597. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 65] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 76] [Article Influence: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 45. | Wiechowska-Kozłowska A, Boer K, Wójcicki M, Milkiewicz P. The efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis for treatment of pain in patients with pancreatic cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2012;2012:503098. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 17] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 22] [Article Influence: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 46. | Levy MJ, Topazian MD, Wiersema MJ, Clain JE, Rajan E, Wang KK, de la Mora JG, Gleeson FC, Pearson RK, Pelaez MC. Initial evaluation of the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided direct Ganglia neurolysis and block. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:98-103. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 170] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 183] [Article Influence: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 47. | Fujii L, Clain JE, Morris JM, Levy MJ. Anterior spinal cord infarction with permanent paralysis following endoscopic ultrasound celiac plexus neurolysis. Endoscopy. 2012;44 Suppl 2 UCTN:E265-E266. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 26] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 38] [Article Influence: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 48. | Mittal MK, Rabinstein AA, Wijdicks EF. Pearls & amp; oy-sters: Acute spinal cord infarction following endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis. Neurology. 2012;78:e57-e59. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 23] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 32] [Article Influence: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 49. | van Dongen RT, Crul BJ. Paraplegia following coeliac plexus block. Anaesthesia. 1991;46:862-863. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 63] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 64] [Article Influence: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 50. | Kumar A, Tripathi SS, Dhar D, Bhattacharya A. A case of reversible paraparesis following celiac plexus block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2001;26:75-78. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 1] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 4] [Article Influence: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 51. | Kinoshita H, Denda S, Shimoji K, Ohtake M, Shirai Y. Paraplegia following coeliac plexus block by anterior approach under direct vision. Masui. 1996;45:1244-1246. [PubMed] [Cited in This Article: ] |
| 52. | Abdalla EK, Schell SR. Paraplegia following intraoperative celiac plexus injection. J Gastrointest Surg. 2001;3:668-671. [PubMed] [Cited in This Article: ] |
| 53. | Galizia EJ, Lahiri SK. Paraplegia following coeliac plexus block with phenol. Case report. Br J Anaesth. 1974;46:539-540. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 69] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 70] [Article Influence: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 54. | Wong GY, Brown DL. Transient paraplegia following alcohol celiac plexus block. Reg Anesth. 1995;20:352-355. [PubMed] [Cited in This Article: ] |
| 55. | Davies DD. Incidence of major complications of neurolytic coeliac plexus block. J R Soc Med. 1993;86:264-266. [PubMed] [Cited in This Article: ] |
| 56. | Jang HY, Cha SW, Lee BH, Jung HE, Choo JW, Cho YJ, Ju HY, Cho YD. Hepatic and splenic infarction and bowel ischemia following endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis. Clin Endosc. 2013;46:306-309. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 19] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 28] [Article Influence: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 57. | Ahmed HM, Friedman SE, Henriques HF, Berk BS. End-organ ischemia as an unforeseen complication of endoscopic-ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis. Endoscopy. 2009;41 Suppl 2:E218-E219. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 19] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 22] [Article Influence: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 58. | Gimeno-García AZ, Elwassief A, Paquin SC, Sahai AV. Fatal complication after endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis. Endoscopy. 2012;44 Suppl 2 UCTN:E267. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 21] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 32] [Article Influence: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 59. | Muscatiello N, Panella C, Pietrini L, Tonti P, Ierardi E. Complication of endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis. Endoscopy. 2006;38:858. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 15] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 19] [Article Influence: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 60. | Lalueza A, López-Medrano F, del Palacio A, Alhambra A, Alvarez E, Ramos A, Pérez A, Lizasoain M, Meije Y, García-Reyne A. Cladosporium macrocarpum brain abscess after endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus block. Endoscopy. 2011;43 Suppl 2 UCTN:E9-10. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 20] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 22] [Article Influence: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 61. | Singhal S, Changela K, Lane D, Anand S, Duddempudi S. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepatic and perihepatic abscess drainage: an evolving technique. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2014;7:93-98. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 18] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 19] [Article Influence: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 62. | Noh SH, Park do H, Kim YR, Chun Y, Lee HC, Lee SO, Lee SS, Seo DW, Lee SK, Kim MH. EUS-guided drainage of hepatic abscesses not accessible to percutaneous drainage (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:1314-1319. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 49] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 52] [Article Influence: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 63. | Seewald S, Imazu H, Omar S, Groth S, Seitz U, Brand B, Zhong Y, Sikka S, Thonke F, Soehendra N. EUS-guided drainage of hepatic abscess. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;61:495-498. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 42] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 45] [Article Influence: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 64. | Itoi T, Ang TL, Seewald S, Tsuji S, Kurihara T, Tanaka R, Itokawa F. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided drainage for tuberculous liver abscess drainage. Dig Endosc. 2011;23 Suppl 1:158-161. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 25] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 29] [Article Influence: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 65. | Ang TL, Seewald S, Teo EK, Fock KM, Soehendra N. EUS-guided drainage of ruptured liver abscess. Endoscopy. 2009;41 Suppl 2:E21-E22. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 21] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 26] [Article Influence: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 66. | Hadithi M, Bruno MJ. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of pelvic abscess: A case series of 8 patients. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;6:373-378. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in CrossRef: 26] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 24] [Article Influence: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 67. | Trevino JM, Drelichman ER, Varadarajulu S. Modified technique for EUS-guided drainage of pelvic abscess (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;68:1215-1219. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 42] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 45] [Article Influence: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 68. | Varadarajulu S, Drelichman ER. Effectiveness of EUS in drainage of pelvic abscesses in 25 consecutive patients (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;70:1121-1127. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 56] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 61] [Article Influence: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 69. | Varadarajulu S, Drelichman ER. EUS-guided drainage of pelvic abscess (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;66:372-376. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 50] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 53] [Article Influence: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 70. | Holt B, Varadarajulu S. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pelvic abscess drainage (with video). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2015;22:12-15. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 12] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 13] [Article Influence: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 71. | Bokun T, Grgurevic I, Kujundzic M, Banic M. EUS-Guided Vascular Procedures: A Literature Review. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013;2013:865945. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 5] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 9] [Article Influence: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 72. | Romero-Castro R, Pellicer-Bautista FJ, Jimenez-Saenz M, Marcos-Sanchez F, Caunedo-Alvarez A, Ortiz-Moyano C, Gomez-Parra M, Herrerias-Gutierrez JM. EUS-guided injection of cyanoacrylate in perforating feeding veins in gastric varices: results in 5 cases. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;66:402-407. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 126] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 115] [Article Influence: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 73. | Romero-Castro R, Ellrichmann M, Ortiz-Moyano C, Subtil-Inigo JC, Junquera-Florez F, Gornals JB, Repiso-Ortega A, Vila-Costas J, Marcos-Sanchez F, Muñoz-Navas M. EUS-guided coil versus cyanoacrylate therapy for the treatment of gastric varices: a multicenter study (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78:711-721. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 138] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 152] [Article Influence: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 74. | Binmoeller KF, Weilert F, Shah JN, Kim J. EUS-guided transesophageal treatment of gastric fundal varices with combined coiling and cyanoacrylate glue injection (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;74:1019-1025. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 145] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 144] [Article Influence: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 75. | Lee YT, Chan FK, Ng EK, Leung VK, Law KB, Yung MY, Chung SC, Sung JJ. EUS-guided injection of cyanoacrylate for bleeding gastric varices. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000;52:168-174. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 125] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 137] [Article Influence: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 76. | Levy MJ, Wong Kee Song LM, Kendrick ML, Misra S, Gostout CJ. EUS-guided coil embolization for refractory ectopic variceal bleeding (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;67:572-574. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 68] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 77] [Article Influence: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 77. | Weilert F, Shah JN, Marson FP, Binmoeller KF. EUS-guided coil and glue for bleeding rectal varix. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;76:915-916. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 38] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 42] [Article Influence: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 78. | Kinzel J, Pichetshote N, Dredar S, Aslanian H, Nagar A. Bleeding from a duodenal varix: a unique case of variceal hemostasis achieved using EUS-guided placement of an embolization coil and cyanoacrylate. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014;48:362-364. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 13] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 17] [Article Influence: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 79. | Gonzalez JM, Giacino C, Pioche M, Vanbiervliet G, Brardjanian S, Ah-Soune P, Vitton V, Grimaud JC, Barthet M. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided vascular therapy: is it safe and effective? Endoscopy. 2012;44:539-542. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 27] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 32] [Article Influence: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 80. | Levy MJ, Wong Kee Song LM, Farnell MB, Misra S, Sarr MG, Gostout CJ. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided angiotherapy of refractory gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:352-359. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 60] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 71] [Article Influence: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 81. | Gan SI, Thompson CC, Lauwers GY, Bounds BC, Brugge WR. Ethanol lavage of pancreatic cystic lesions: initial pilot study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;61:746-752. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 210] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 186] [Article Influence: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 82. | DeWitt J, McGreevy K, Schmidt CM, Brugge WR. EUS-guided ethanol versus saline solution lavage for pancreatic cysts: a randomized, double-blind study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;70:710-723. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 165] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 187] [Article Influence: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 83. | Oh HC, Seo DW, Lee TY, Kim JY, Lee SS, Lee SK, Kim MH. New treatment for cystic tumors of the pancreas: EUS-guided ethanol lavage with paclitaxel injection. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;67:636-642. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 155] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 171] [Article Influence: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 84. | Oh HC, Seo DW, Kim SC, Yu E, Kim K, Moon SH, Park do H, Lee SS, Lee SK, Kim MH. Septated cystic tumors of the pancreas: is it possible to treat them by endoscopic ultrasonography-guided intervention? Scand J Gastroenterol. 2009;44:242-247. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 69] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 78] [Article Influence: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 85. | DiMaio CJ, DeWitt JM, Brugge WR. Ablation of pancreatic cystic lesions: the use of multiple endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol lavage sessions. Pancreas. 2011;40:664-668. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 90] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 86] [Article Influence: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 86. | Oh HC, Seo DW, Song TJ, Moon SH, Park do H, Soo Lee S, Lee SK, Kim MH, Kim J. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided ethanol lavage with paclitaxel injection treats patients with pancreatic cysts. Gastroenterology. 2011;140:172-179. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 162] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 147] [Article Influence: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 87. | Muscatiello N, Nacchiero M, Della Valle N, Di Terlizzi F, Verderosa G, Salcuni A, Macarini L, Cignarelli M, Castriota M, D’Agnessa V. Treatment of a pancreatic endocrine tumor by ethanol injection (PEI) guided by endoscopic ultrasound. Endoscopy. 2008;40 Suppl 2:E83. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 7] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 12] [Article Influence: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 88. | Jürgensen C, Schuppan D, Neser F, Ernstberger J, Junghans U, Stölzel U. EUS-guided alcohol ablation of an insulinoma. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;63:1059-1062. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 135] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 110] [Article Influence: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 89. | Deprez PH, Claessens A, Borbath I, Gigot JF, Maiter D. Successful endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation of a sporadic insulinoma. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2008;71:333-337. [PubMed] [Cited in This Article: ] |
| 90. | Levy MJ, Thompson GB, Topazian MD, Callstrom MR, Grant CS, Vella A. US-guided ethanol ablation of insulinomas: a new treatment option. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;75:200-206. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 74] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 87] [Article Influence: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 91. | Günter E, Lingenfelser T, Eitelbach F, Müller H, Ell C. EUS-guided ethanol injection for treatment of a GI stromal tumor. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57:113-115. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 43] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 56] [Article Influence: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 92. | DeWitt J, Mohamadnejad M. EUS-guided alcohol ablation of metastatic pelvic lymph nodes after endoscopic resection of polypoid rectal cancer: the need for long-term surveillance. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;74:446-447. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 15] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 21] [Article Influence: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 93. | Barclay RL, Perez-Miranda M, Giovannini M. EUS-guided treatment of a solid hepatic metastasis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;55:266-270. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 43] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 53] [Article Influence: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 94. | Hu YH, Tuo XP, Jin ZD, Liu Y, Guo Y, Luo L. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided ethanol injection in hepatic metastatic carcinoma: a case report. Endoscopy. 2010;42 Suppl 2:E256-E257. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 17] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 23] [Article Influence: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 95. | Artifon EL, Lucon AM, Sakai P, Gerhardt R, Srougi M, Takagaki T, Ishioka S, Bhutani MS. EUS-guided alcohol ablation of left adrenal metastasis from non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;66:1201-1205. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 39] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 44] [Article Influence: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 96. | Hecht JR, Farrell JJ, Senzer N, Nemunaitis J, Rosemurgy A, Chung T, Hanna N, Chang KJ, Javle M, Posner M. EUS or percutaneously guided intratumoral TNFerade biologic with 5-fluorouracil and radiotherapy for first-line treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a phase I/II study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;75:332-338. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 111] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 118] [Article Influence: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 97. | Hecht JR, Bedford R, Abbruzzese JL, Lahoti S, Reid TR, Soetikno RM, Kirn DH, Freeman SM. A phase I/II trial of intratumoral endoscopic ultrasound injection of ONYX-015 with intravenous gemcitabine in unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2003;9:555-561. [PubMed] [Cited in This Article: ] |
| 98. | Ryan DP, Hong TS, Bardeesy N. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:1039-1049. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 1500] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 1541] [Article Influence: 154.1] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 99. | Sanders MK, Moser AJ, Khalid A, Fasanella KE, Zeh HJ, Burton S, McGrath K. EUS-guided fiducial placement for stereotactic body radiotherapy in locally advanced and recurrent pancreatic cancer. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:1178-1184. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 101] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 99] [Article Influence: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 100. | Choi JH, Seo DW, Park do H, Lee SK, Kim MH. Fiducial placement for stereotactic body radiation therapy under only endoscopic ultrasonography guidance in pancreatic and hepatic malignancy: practical feasibility and safety. Gut Liver. 2014;8:88-93. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 49] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 60] [Article Influence: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 101. | Pishvaian AC, Collins B, Gagnon G, Ahlawat S, Haddad NG. EUS-guided fiducial placement for CyberKnife radiotherapy of mediastinal and abdominal malignancies. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64:412-417. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 131] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 114] [Article Influence: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 102. | DiMaio CJ, Nagula S, Goodman KA, Ho AY, Markowitz AJ, Schattner MA, Gerdes H. EUS-guided fiducial placement for image-guided radiation therapy in GI malignancies by using a 22-gauge needle (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:1204-1210. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 85] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 95] [Article Influence: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |
| 103. | Park WG, Yan BM, Schellenberg D, Kim J, Chang DT, Koong A, Patalano C, Van Dam J. EUS-guided gold fiducial insertion for image-guided radiation therapy of pancreatic cancer: 50 successful cases without fluoroscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:513-518. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [Cited by in Crossref: 106] [Cited by in F6Publishing: 102] [Article Influence: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis (0)] |