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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian J Radiol Imaging 2017; 27(04): 417-426
DOI: 10.4103/ijri.IJRI_451_16
Paediatric

Spinal dysraphism illustrated; Embroyology revisited

Ullas V Acharya
Department of Radiology, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
,
Hima Pendharkar
Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
,
Dandu R Varma
Citi Neuro Centre, Mediciti Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
,
Nupur Pruthi
Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
,
Shriram Varadarajan
Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
› Author Affiliations Financial support and sponsorship Nil.
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Abstract

Spinal cord development occurs through three consecutive periods of gastrulation, primary nerulation and secondary neurulation. Aberration in these stages causes abnormalities of the spine and spinal cord, collectively referred as spinal dysraphism. They can be broadly classified as anomalies of gastrulation (disorders of notochord formation and of integration); anomalies of primary neurulation (premature dysjunction and nondysjunction); combined anomalies of gastrulation and primary neurulation and anomalies of secondary neurulation. Correlation with clinical and embryological data and common imaging findings provides an organized approach in their diagnosis.

Keywords

Embryology - illustrated - magnetic resonance imaging - spinal dysraphism


Publication History

Article published online:
27 July 2021

© 2017. Indian Radiological Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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