Abstract
Background
Restoration of proper joint line (JL) position and patellar height in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is essential in the recovery of knee function and kinematics. We determined whether the JL position and patellar height could be restored in patients undergoing septic and aseptic revision TKA.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 70 patients (74 knees) who had revision TKA between September 2004 and December 2010. Forty seven knees had a two stage revision for infected TKA and 27 knees for aseptic failure. The JL position, patellar height and patellar tendon (PT) length were measured and compared between primary TKA and post revision. The clinical scores including a hospital for special surgery (HSS), Knee Society Score (KSS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) and range of motion (ROM) were compared.
Results
The overall JL increased from 17.51 mm to 18.37 mm post revision, the Insall-Salvati (IS) ratio declined from 0.98 to 0.92, and the PT length declined from 42.92 mm to 39.45 mm. 9 of the 21 patellar baja knees improved to normal patellar height. After revision, the JL in the septic group (17.02 mm) was significantly lower than the aseptic group (20.74 mm). The changes of the JL position and IS ratio in the septic group were significantly larger than the aseptic groups (P < 0.05). JL position had a positive correlation to the IS ratio and PT length post revision. The knee function scores including HSS, KSS, WOMAC scores, and ROM all improved post revision compared to pre revision (P < 0.05), and the septic group had a lower knee function compared to the aseptic group. JL position and IS ratio post revision had no correlation to the HSS, KSS, WOMAC scores, and ROM.
Conclusions
JL position can be sufficiently restored with appropriate distal femoral augment reconstruction after revision TKA, but the patellar height cannot be well improved, especially in the septic revision with obvious PT contracture. No correlation was found between the JL position and patellar height to the knee function post revision TKA.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Partington PF, Sawhney J, Rorabeck CH, Barrack RL, Moore J. Joint line restoration after revision total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1999;367:165–71.
Azzam K, Parvizi J, Kaufman D, Purtill JJ, Sharkey PF, Austin MS. Revision of the unstable total knee arthroplasty: Outcome predictors. J Arthroplasty 2011;26:1139–44.
Lavernia C, Lee DJ, Hernandez VH. The increasing financial burden of knee revision surgery in the United States. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2006;446:221–6.
Maradit Kremers H, Visscher SL, Moriarty JP, Reinalda MS, Kremers WK, Naessens JM, et al. Determinants of direct medical costs in primary and revision total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2013;471:206–14.
Kurtz SM, Lau E, Watson H, Schmier JK, Parvizi J. Economic burden of periprosthetic joint infection in the United States. J Arthroplasty 2012;27 8 Suppl:61–5.e1.
Qiu YY, Yan CH, Chiu KY, Ng FY. Review article: Treatments for bone loss in revision total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2012;20:78–86.
Lombardi AV, Berend KR, Adams JB. Management of bone loss in revision TKA: It’s a changing world. Orthopedics 2010;33:662.
König C, Sharenkov A, Matziolis G, Taylor WR, Perka C, Duda GN, et al. Joint line elevation in revision TKA leads to increased patellofemoral contact forces. J Orthop Res 2010;28:1–5.
Riaz S, Umar M. Revision knee arthroplasty. J Pak Med Assoc 2006;56:456–60.
Mihalko WM, Krackow KA. Flexion and extension gap balancing in revision total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2006;446:121–6.
Mahoney OM, Kinsey TL. Modular femoral offset stems facilitate joint line restoration in revision knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2006;446:93–8.
Laskin RS. Joint line position restoration during revision total knee replacement. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002; Nov;(404); 169–71.
Rajagopal TS, Nathwani D. Can interepicondylar distance predict joint line position in primary and revision knee arthroplasty? Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2011;40:175–8.
Servien E, Viskontas D, Giuffrè BM, Coolican MR, Parker DA. Reliability of bony landmarks for restoration of the joint line in revision knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2008;16:263–9.
Havet E, Gabrion A, Leiber-Wackenheim F, Vernois J, Olory B, Mertl P. Radiological study of the knee joint line position measured from the fibular head and proximal tibial landmarks. Surg Radiol Anat 2007;29:285–9.
Khakharia S, Scuderi GR. Restoration of the distal femur impacts patellar height in revision TKA. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2012;470:205–10.
Figgie HE 3rd, Goldberg VM, Heiple KG, Moller HS 3rd, Gordon NH. The influence of tibial-patellofemoral location on function of the knee in patients with the posterior stabilized condylar knee prosthesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1986;68:1035–40.
Scuderi GR, Windsor RE, Insall JN. Observations on patellar height after proximal tibial osteotomy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1989;71:245–8.
Porteous AJ, Hassaballa MA, Newman JH. Does the joint line matter in revision total knee replacement? J Bone Joint Surg Br 2008;90:879–84.
Bellemans J. Restoring the joint line in revision TKA: Does it matter? Knee 2004;11:3–5.
Hoeffel DP, Rubash HE. Revision total knee arthroplasty: Current rationale and techniques for femoral component revision. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2000; Nov;(380) 116–32.
Hsu CS, Hsu CC, Wang JW, Lin PC. Two-stage revision of infected total knee arthroplasty using an antibiotic-impregnated static cement-spacer. Chang Gung Med J 2008;31:583–91.
Laskin RS. Management of the patella during revision total knee replacement arthroplasty. Orthop Clin North Am 1998;29:355–60.
Hofmann AA, Kurtin SM, Lyons S, Tanner AM, Bolognesi MP. Clinical and radiographic analysis of accurate restoration of the joint line in revision total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2006;21:1154–62.
Garg P, Ranjan R, Bandyopadhyay U, Chouksey S, Mitra S, Gupta SK. Antibiotic-impregnated articulating cement spacer for infected total knee arthroplasty. Indian J Orthop 2011;45:535–40.
Macheras GA, Kateros K, Galanakos SP, Koutsostathis SD, Kontou E, Papadakis SA. The longterm results of a two-stage protocol for revision of an infected total knee replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2011;93:1487–92.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Seon, JK., Song, EK. Joint line and patellar height restoration after revision total knee arthroplasty. IJOO 50, 159–165 (2016). https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5413.177569
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5413.177569