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Case Report

Leishmania infantum and Epstein-Barr virus Co-Infection in a Patient with Hemophagocytosis

by
Zied Gaifer
1,* and
Mohamed-Rachid Boulassel
2,3
1
Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
2
Department of Hematology and Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2016, 8(4), 6545; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2016.6545
Submission received: 16 April 2016 / Revised: 16 April 2016 / Accepted: 16 October 2016 / Published: 31 December 2016

Abstract

The authors describe a rare case of a 27-year old previously healthy male presenting with high grade fever, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, high levels of ferritin and triglyceride, suggesting a diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) syndrome. Other investigations showed a positive Leishmania infantum serology and high Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia. The diagnosis of a visceral leishmaniasis was confirmed by bone morrow biopsy, which showed Leishman-Donovan bodies and evidence of HLH. The patient received liposomal amphotericin B and he had a complete resolution of his symptoms and clearance of EBV viremia. This case of HLH associated with visceral leishmaniasis and EBV co-infection raises the question about the significance of EBV in patients with HLH. The treatment of actual etiological agent can lead to complete cure while using current recommend chemotherapy for HLH-related EBV in a patient with hidden infection may have deleterious effects.
Keywords: Leishmania infantum; Epstein–Barr virus; Haemophagocytosis Leishmania infantum; Epstein–Barr virus; Haemophagocytosis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gaifer, Z.; Boulassel, M.-R. Leishmania infantum and Epstein-Barr virus Co-Infection in a Patient with Hemophagocytosis. Infect. Dis. Rep. 2016, 8, 6545. https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2016.6545

AMA Style

Gaifer Z, Boulassel M-R. Leishmania infantum and Epstein-Barr virus Co-Infection in a Patient with Hemophagocytosis. Infectious Disease Reports. 2016; 8(4):6545. https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2016.6545

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaifer, Zied, and Mohamed-Rachid Boulassel. 2016. "Leishmania infantum and Epstein-Barr virus Co-Infection in a Patient with Hemophagocytosis" Infectious Disease Reports 8, no. 4: 6545. https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2016.6545

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