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Seasonal dynamics of Urophora quadrifasciata on spotted knapweed in the Arkansas Ozarks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Dagne Duguma ,
Timothy J. Kring  and
Robert N. Wiedenmann
Dagne Duguma
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, 319 Agriculture Building, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States of America
Timothy J. Kring*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, 319 Agriculture Building, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States of America
Robert N. Wiedenmann
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, 319 Agriculture Building, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States of America
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: tkring@uark.edu).
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Abstract

Periodic sweep-net sampling and capitula sampling were conducted between April and October 2007 to determine the seasonal phenology of Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on spotted knapweed, Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek (Asteraceae), in the Arkansas Ozarks of the United States of America. Urophora quadrifasciata produces up to three generations in Arkansas, rather than being bivoltine as in the northern United States of America. The first, second, and third generations of U. quadrifasciata reached peak adult numbers around 26 May, 29 June, and 27 July, respectively. Males tended to emerge earlier than females but the female:male ratio was approximately 1:1 for most of the season. The majority of the offspring of the three generations emerged between June and October, while approximately 38% entered diapause and emerged as adults in April-June of the following year; 3.4 ± 0.1 (mean ± SE) (range 1–12) flies emerged from each infested capitulum. The absence of other, competing knapweed biological control agents as well as very low rates of parasitism, mild weather conditions, and a longer knapweed growing season likely contributed to the adaptation and establishment of U. quadrifasciata on spotted knapweed in Arkansas.

Résumé

Des récoltes périodiques au filet fauchoir et des prélèvements sur les capitules d’avril à octobre 2007 nous ont permis de déterminer la phénologie saisonnière d’Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tephritidae) sur la centaurée maculée, Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek (Asteraceae), dans les Ozarks de l’Arkansas aux États-Unis. Urophora quadrifasciata produit jusqu’à trois générations en Arkansas, alors qu’il est bivoltin dans le nord des États-Unis. Les première, seconde et troisième générations d’U. quadrifasciata atteignent leur densité maximale d’adultes respectivement autour du 26 mai, du 29 juin et du 27 juillet. Les mâles ont tendance à émerger plus tôt que les femelles, mais le rapport femelles:mâles est de ~1:1 durant la plus grande partie de la saison. La plupart des rejetons des trois générations d’U. quadrifasciata émergent de juin à octobre, alors que ~38 % d’entre eux entrent en diapause et émergent à l’état adulte en avril-juin de l’année suivante. En moyenne, 3,4 ± 0,1 mouches (étendue: 1–12) émergent de chaque capitule infesté. L’absence de compétition par d’autres agents de lutte biologique de la centaurée, de même qu’un parasitisme très faible, des conditions météorologiques clémentes et une saison de croissance prolongée de la centaurée, ont contribué vraisemblablement à l’adaptation et l’établissement d’U. quadrifasciata sur la centaurée maculée en Arkansas.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 141 , Issue 1 , February 2009 , pp. 70 - 79
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2009

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