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Seasonal changes in intra-tree distribution of immature balsam fir sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Lynne J. Anstey
Affiliation:
Population Ecology Group, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 6C2
Dan T. Quiring*
Affiliation:
Population Ecology Group, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 6C2
Don P. Ostaff
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, PO Box 4000, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5P7, and Population Ecology Group, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 6C2
*
1 Corresponding author (e-mail: quiring@unb.ca).

Abstract

A field study was carried out to determine the intracrown distribution of the balsam fir sawfly, Neodiprion abietis Harris (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), throughout the season on balsam fir, Abies balsamea L. (Pinaceae), during the first 2 years of an outbreak in western Newfoundland. Eggs were usually laid one per needle on current-year shoots, and the following year, newly emerged larvae usually initiated feeding on the same shoots. Balsam fir sawfly larvae were gregarious on needle and shoot levels in the early instars but gradually became solitary as larvae developed. The process of becoming solitary was not due to the increased physical area required for the growing larvae as some older individuals, in mainly solitary stages, were seen feeding together. Unlike the continuous change from gregarious to solitary at the needle and shoot levels, the seasonal variation in larval density among whorls varied in an inconsistent manner. The majority of early-instar larvae were found in the middle crown, but on at least one date in both years the majority of late instars were in the lower crown. Seventy-five percent of crawling larvae trapped within the crown were third and fourth instars, suggesting that changes in the intra-tree distribution are due to larval movement.

Résumé

Une étude sur le terrain a été effectuée afin de déterminer la distribution du diprion du sapin, Neodiprion abietis Harris au sein de leur arbre hôte. L’étude porte sur les deux premières années d’une épidémie du diprion du sapin qui s’est déclarée dans l’ouest de Terre-Neuve. Les œufs avaient généralement été déposés à raison de un par aiguille sur les pousses de l’année, si bien que l’année suivante, les larves qui venaient d’émerger ont commencé à s’alimenter, pour la plupart, sur les pousses hôtes. Les larves du diprion du sapin se sont montrées grégaires au niveau des aiguilles et des pousses dans les premiers stades de leur développement, mais elles sont graduellement devenues solitaires au fur et à mesure de leur développement. Ce changement n’était pas attribuable au besoin d’un espace physique élargi pour favoriser le développement des larves, puisque certains individus plus âgés, qui en étaient essentiellement à un stade solitaire non grégaire, ont été observés aperçus s’alimentant ensemble. Contrairement au passage continuel d’un stade grégaire à un stade plus solitaire au niveau des aiguilles et des pousses, la densité larvaire entre les verticilles a varié de manière erratique au cours de l’été. Au cours des premiers stades larvaires, la majorité des larves se trouvaient au milieu de la couronne. Cependant, lors d’au moins un échantillonnage pour chacune des deux années, la majorité des larves de stade larvaire avancé se trouvaient sur la partie inférieure de la couronne. Soixante-quinze pourcent des larves rampantes piégées au niveau de la couronne en étaient aux troisième et quatrième stades larvaires, ce qui semble indiquer que les changements dans la distribution intra-arbre des larves sont attribuables au mouvement des larves. Notre étude se penche sur les répercussions de ces résultats dans le cadre d’un plan d’échantillonnage du diprion du sapin.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2002

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