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The Role of the Urartian Epigraphy: Argišti I’s Newly Found Disc in Varzaqan

Year 2023, Volume: 25, 119 - 137, 16.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1259319

Abstract

Urartians ruled over the regions mainly around three lakes of Van, Sevan and Urmia from about 9th to 7th centuries BC and several metal artefacts are discovered less in situ in the Urartian sites. Among them are bronze discs which are slightly convex or convex in the middle. There is a newly found convex in the middle disc of Argišti I from Qala Dağı, Kiqal Varzaqan, Iran which is similar to the disc in Tabriz Museum also from Varzaqan in the inscription and to the disc in Van Museum in the form. There also is a hieroglyphic sign over the disc which was common on the other discs. The epigraphy of the cuneiform inscription on the mentioned disc was used widely in the Urartian kingdom since Minua’s reign until Sarduri II’s. It is the aim of this paper to introduce this newly discovered artifact and to review the function and forms of the discs which could be used as horse harness or buttons of the armors or clothing. Additionally, the authors try to compare the discs of Argišti I in the epigraphy and form. The authors recognized that the epigraphy of Minua’s reign to Sarduri II’s were also used on the discs inscribed with the name of King Išpuini, Minua’s father, and Inušpua, Minua’s son who never ruled. Therefore, it is possible that the newly found disc is not inscribed during Argišti I’s reign but his son Sarduri’s but as most of the discovered discs bear the name of Argišti it is possible that there was a mass production of the discs during his reign and was brought to Eastern Azerbaijan Province after his reign.

References

  • E. Akurgal, The art of the Hittites, New York 1962.
  • G. Azarpay, Urartian art and artifacts, Berkeley-Los Angeles 1968.
  • R. D. Barnett, The hieroglyphic writing of Urartu, in: K. Bittel et al. (ed.), Anatolian Studies presented to H. G. Güterbock on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday, Istanbul 1974, 45-52.
  • R. D. Barnett, Urartu. The Cambridge ancient history, Vol. 3/1, Cambridge 2008, 314-371.
  • O. Belli, Van bölge müzesindeki çivi yazili Urartu tunç eserleri, Anadolu Araştırmaları 4-5, 1976-1977, 177-225.
  • O. Belli, Inscribed metal objects, in: R. Merhav (ed.), Urartu: A Metalworking Center in the First Millennium B.C.E, (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem), May 28 - October 1991, Jerusalem 1991, 43-49.
  • O. Belli, Research in to the history of Urartu, Urartu: Savaş ve Estetik (Urartu: War and Aesthetics)”, İstanbul 2003-2004, 13-43.
  • W. C. Benedict, Urartians and Hurrians, JAOS 80, 1960, 100-104.
  • R. Biscione, Proposal of archaeological research programs in Iran, 1. Azerbaijan (The South-Eastern and Eastern borders of the Urartian Kingdom in Iran), Rome 2009.
  • P. Calmayer, Zu den Eisen-Lanzenspitzen und der ‘Lanze des Haldi’, in: W. Kleiss (ed.), Bastam, Ausgrabungen in den urartäischen Anlagen 1972-1975, vol. 1., Berlin 1979, 183-195.
  • M. Castelluccia – R. Dan, Kolčany Urartskogo Carstva, Rossijskaâ Arheologiâ 2016/3, 2019, 73-83.
  • J. Curtis, An Examination of Late Assyrian Metalwork with special reference to Nimrud, Oxford 2013.
  • R. Çavuşoğlu, Halûk Perk Koleksiyonu’ndan iki Urartu Eseri, Tulia I - Halûk Perk Müzesi Yayınları, 71-77.
  • M. Dara, The Urartian inscribed bronze horse-harness disc in Azerbaijan Archaeology Museum, Zabanshenakht 6/1, 2015, 61-78.
  • M. Dara, Urartian Cuneiform Inscriptions from Iran, Tehran 2017.
  • M. Dara, Urartian Hieroglyph Inscriptions from Iran, Tehran 2018.
  • M. Dara, ú-ri-iš-ḫi on the bronze horse harness disc of Tabriz Museum in comparison with other similar Urartian discs inscriptions, Kafdaği 6/1, 2021, 1-13.
  • M. Dara, Newly found Urartian inscription of Sarab and KURgír-du-ni, Anatolica, 49-59.
  • T. Dezső – Z. Niederreiter – C. Bodnár, Urartian bronzes a preliminary report on a looted hoard of Urartian bronze, Budapest 2021.
  • A. Erzen, Giyimli bronz definesi ve Giyimli kazısı, Belleten 38/150, 1984, 191-213.
  • S. A. Esaân – L. N. Biâgov – S. G. Amaâkân – A. G. Kanecân, Biajnskaâ grobnica v Erevane (2), Arheologičeskie pamâtniki Armenii 16. Urartskie pamâtniki III, Erevan 1955, 55-79.
  • I. L. Finkel – J. E. Reade, Assyrian hieroglyph, in http://www.ucl.ac.uk, British Museum 1996, 244-265.
  • A. Fournet, About some features of loanwords in Hurrian, Aramazd 6/1, 2011, 43-59.
  • R. Ghirshman, Deux oeilléres en bronze des rois d’Urartu, Artibus Asiae 27, 1964, 49-60.
  • A. Godard, Le trésor de Ziwiye (Kurdistan), 1950.
  • C. Goff, Excavations at Baba Jan, 1967: Second preliminary report, Iran 7, 1969, 115-130.
  • B. Haerinck – E. Overlaet, The Iron Age III graveyard at War Kabud, Pusht-i Kuh, Luristan, (Luristan Excavation Documents), Acta Iranica III, Textes et Memories XXVII, Leuven 2004.
  • A. Hejabri Nobari, The survey of Bronze and Iron Ages in Varzaqan, Eastern Azerbaijan report, Tehran 2017.
  • K. Işık – R. Kuvanç, A new part of horse trapping belonging to Urartian King Minua from Adana Archaeology Museum and on Urišhi-Urišhusi-Ururda words in Urartian, Colloquium Anatolicum 17, 2018, 223-239.
  • M. Karaosmanoğlu, Altıntepe Kalesi İkinci Dönem Kazıları, in: Doğudan Yükselen Işık - Arkeoloji Yazıları, İstanbul 2008, 69-83.
  • M. Karaosmanoğlu, Erzincan Altıntepe Fortress, in: K. Kӧroğlu – E. Konyar (eds.), Urartu (Transformation in the East), İstanbul 2011, 366-375.
  • W. Kleiss, Azerbaijan, in: Archaeology of Azerbaijan, Translated by M. Feyzkhah – S. Elliyoun, Tabriz 2009, 23-38.
  • W. Kleiss – H. Hauptmann, Topographische Karte von Urarṭu, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, Ergänzungsband 3, Berlin 1976.
  • K. Kӧroğlu, Urartu: The kingdom and tribes, in: K. Kӧroğlu – E. Konyar (eds.), Urartu (Transformation in the East), İstanbul 2011, 12-51.
  • R. Kuvanç – B. Gökce, Bezemeli ve figüratif metal eserler, in: E. Konyar – K. Işık – R. Kuvanç – B. Genç – B. Gökce (eds.), Zaiahina’nın Bronzları. Doğubayazıt Urartu Metal Eserleri. Ahmet Köroğlu Koleksiyonu, İstanbul 2018, 152-169.
  • W. Mayer, Assyrien und Urartu, Vol. 1, Münster 2013.
  • A. Movsisyan, The writing culture of pre-Christian Armenia, Yerevan 2006.
  • O. W. Muscarella, Hasanlu Bronzes and Irons, Translated by A. Sadraee – S. Elliyoun, Western Azerbaijan 2008.
  • H. Naseri Someeh, Analysis of socio-political situation and cultural actions of Arasbaran (Qara Dagh) District in the Late Bronze and Iron Age according to archaeological studies in fortifications of the Varzaqan area (Unpublished Ph.D. diss.), Tehran 2020.
  • E. Özgen, The Urartian Chariot Reconsidered: II. Archaeological Evidence 9th – 7th B.C., Anatolica 11, 1984, 91-154.
  • M. Payne, Urartian Measures of Volumes, ANES 16, Louvain-Paris-Dudley 2005.
  • M. Payne, Urartu Çiviyazılı Belgeler Kataloğu, İstanbul 2006.
  • B. B. Piotrovskij, Karmir Blur III. Resul’taty rabot arheologičeskoj ekspedicii Instituta Istorii Akademii Nauk Arm. SSR i Gosudarstvennogo Ermitaža 1951-1953 gg, (Arheologičeskie Raskopki v Armenii, 5), Erevan 1955.
  • B. B. Piotrovskij, Urartu: The kingdom of Van and its art, Peter S. Gelling (ed.), London 1967.
  • B. B. Piotrovskij, Karmir Blur, Leningrad 1970.
  • B. B. Piotrovskij, Urartian civilization, translated by H. Khatib Shahidi, Tehran 2004.
  • A. Ruder – R. Merhav, Technologies of production of metal artifacts in the Urartu culture, in: R. Merhav (ed.), Urartu: a metalworking center in the first millennium B.C.E, (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem), May 28 - October 1991, Jerusalem 1991, 333-353.
  • M. Salvini, Historical introduction, in: R. Merhav (ed.), Urartu: A Metalworking Center in The First Millennium B.C.E, (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem), May 28 - October 1991, Jerusalem 1991, 3-13.
  • M. Salvini, Corpus dei Testi Urartei, Vol. I, Rome 2008.
  • M. Salvini, Corpus dei Testi Urartei, Vol. IV, Rome: CNR 2012.
  • U. Seidl, Chariot and horse fittings: Horse trappings, in: R. Merhav (ed.), Urartu: A Metalworking Center in The First Millennium B.C.E, (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem), May 28 - October 1991, Jerusalem 1991, 77-96.
  • U. Seidl, Bronzekunst Urartus, Mainz am Rhein 2004.
  • M. T. Tarhan – V. Sevin, Van Kalesi ve Eski Van Şehri Kazıları - 1988, KST 11/1, Ankara 1990, 355-376.
  • O. A. Taşyürek, Some inscribed Urartian bronze armor, Iraq 37/2, 1975, 151-155.
  • F. von Luschan – W. Andrae, Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli V. Die Kleinfunde von Sendschirli, (Mitteilungen aus den Orientalischen Sammlungen 15), Berlin 1943.
  • L. Van den Berghe – L. De Meyer, Urartu: een vergeten cultuur uit het bergland Armenië, 9 oktober 1982 - 30 januari 1983, Gent 1982.
  • R. B. Wartke, Production of iron artifacts, in: R. Merhav (ed.), Urartu: a metalworking center in the first millennium B.C.E, (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem), May 28 - October 1991, Jerusalem 1991, 321-331.
  • G. Wilhelm, Urartian, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World’s Ancient Languages, Cambridge 2002, 119-137.
  • P. Zimansky, Ecology and Empire: The Structure of the Urartian State (Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization, No. 41), Chicago 1985.
  • P. Zimansky, Urartian material cultures as state assemblage: An anomaly in the archaeology of empire, Bulletin of the American School of Oriental Research 299/300, The archaeology of Empire in Ancient Anatolia, Aug-Nov, Chicago 1995, 103-115.
  • P. Zimansky, Ancient Ararat: A handbook of Urartian studies, New York 1998.

Urartu Epigrafisinin Rolü: I. Argisti'nin Verzeqan Kentinde Bulunan Yeni Disk

Year 2023, Volume: 25, 119 - 137, 16.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1259319

Abstract

Urartular, yaklaşık MÖ 9. ile 7. yüzyıllar arasında, Van, Çildir, Gökçe (Sevan) ve Urmiye gölleri çevresindeki bölgeleri yönetmişlerdir. Urartu yerleşim yerlerinde çok az sayıda metal eser insitu olarak keşfedilmiştir. Metal eserlerin aralarında hafif dışbükey veya ortada dışbükey olan tunç diskler vardır. İran’ın Verzeqan ilçesinde, Kiğal köyünün Qala Dağı isminde olan bir kalede I. Argişti’ye ait olan yeni bir disk bulunmuştur. Disk yazıtı açısından bir zamanlar yine Verzeqan’da bulunan ve şimdi Tebriz Müzesi’nde olan bir diske ve form açısından Van Müzesi’ndeki disklere benzemektedir. Diskin üzerinde olan bir hiyeroglif işareti diğer benzer disklerde de görülmektedir. Söz konusu disk üzerindeki çivi yazısı Urartu Krallığı’nda Minua’nın saltanatından II. Sarduri’ye kadar yaygın olarak kullanılmıştır. Makalenin amacı, yeni keşfedilen bu eseri tanıtmak ve at koşum takımı, zırh veya giysi düğmesi olarak kullanılabilecek disklerin işlev ve formlarını gözden geçirmektir. Ayrıca, yazarlar I. Argişti disklerini epigrafi ve form açısından karşılaştırmayı amaçlamışlardır. Yazarlar, Minua’nın saltanatından II. Sarduri Dönemi’ne kadar kullanılan yazıtların, Minua’nın babası Işpuini ve Minua’nın hiç hüküm sürmemiş olan oğlu Inişpua’nın adlarının yazılı olduğu disklerde de kullanıldığını belirlemişlerdir. Bu nedenle, yeni bulunan diskin I. Argişti’ye ait olmayıp oğlu Sarduri’nin hükümdarlığı dönemine ait olması mümkündür. Fakat bulunan disklerin çoğunun I. Argişti’nin adını taşımaları ve disklerin seri üretim eseri olmaları nedeniyle diskin daha sonra Sarduri Dönemi’nde Doğu Azerbaycan Eyaleti’ne getirilmiş olması mümkündür.

References

  • E. Akurgal, The art of the Hittites, New York 1962.
  • G. Azarpay, Urartian art and artifacts, Berkeley-Los Angeles 1968.
  • R. D. Barnett, The hieroglyphic writing of Urartu, in: K. Bittel et al. (ed.), Anatolian Studies presented to H. G. Güterbock on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday, Istanbul 1974, 45-52.
  • R. D. Barnett, Urartu. The Cambridge ancient history, Vol. 3/1, Cambridge 2008, 314-371.
  • O. Belli, Van bölge müzesindeki çivi yazili Urartu tunç eserleri, Anadolu Araştırmaları 4-5, 1976-1977, 177-225.
  • O. Belli, Inscribed metal objects, in: R. Merhav (ed.), Urartu: A Metalworking Center in the First Millennium B.C.E, (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem), May 28 - October 1991, Jerusalem 1991, 43-49.
  • O. Belli, Research in to the history of Urartu, Urartu: Savaş ve Estetik (Urartu: War and Aesthetics)”, İstanbul 2003-2004, 13-43.
  • W. C. Benedict, Urartians and Hurrians, JAOS 80, 1960, 100-104.
  • R. Biscione, Proposal of archaeological research programs in Iran, 1. Azerbaijan (The South-Eastern and Eastern borders of the Urartian Kingdom in Iran), Rome 2009.
  • P. Calmayer, Zu den Eisen-Lanzenspitzen und der ‘Lanze des Haldi’, in: W. Kleiss (ed.), Bastam, Ausgrabungen in den urartäischen Anlagen 1972-1975, vol. 1., Berlin 1979, 183-195.
  • M. Castelluccia – R. Dan, Kolčany Urartskogo Carstva, Rossijskaâ Arheologiâ 2016/3, 2019, 73-83.
  • J. Curtis, An Examination of Late Assyrian Metalwork with special reference to Nimrud, Oxford 2013.
  • R. Çavuşoğlu, Halûk Perk Koleksiyonu’ndan iki Urartu Eseri, Tulia I - Halûk Perk Müzesi Yayınları, 71-77.
  • M. Dara, The Urartian inscribed bronze horse-harness disc in Azerbaijan Archaeology Museum, Zabanshenakht 6/1, 2015, 61-78.
  • M. Dara, Urartian Cuneiform Inscriptions from Iran, Tehran 2017.
  • M. Dara, Urartian Hieroglyph Inscriptions from Iran, Tehran 2018.
  • M. Dara, ú-ri-iš-ḫi on the bronze horse harness disc of Tabriz Museum in comparison with other similar Urartian discs inscriptions, Kafdaği 6/1, 2021, 1-13.
  • M. Dara, Newly found Urartian inscription of Sarab and KURgír-du-ni, Anatolica, 49-59.
  • T. Dezső – Z. Niederreiter – C. Bodnár, Urartian bronzes a preliminary report on a looted hoard of Urartian bronze, Budapest 2021.
  • A. Erzen, Giyimli bronz definesi ve Giyimli kazısı, Belleten 38/150, 1984, 191-213.
  • S. A. Esaân – L. N. Biâgov – S. G. Amaâkân – A. G. Kanecân, Biajnskaâ grobnica v Erevane (2), Arheologičeskie pamâtniki Armenii 16. Urartskie pamâtniki III, Erevan 1955, 55-79.
  • I. L. Finkel – J. E. Reade, Assyrian hieroglyph, in http://www.ucl.ac.uk, British Museum 1996, 244-265.
  • A. Fournet, About some features of loanwords in Hurrian, Aramazd 6/1, 2011, 43-59.
  • R. Ghirshman, Deux oeilléres en bronze des rois d’Urartu, Artibus Asiae 27, 1964, 49-60.
  • A. Godard, Le trésor de Ziwiye (Kurdistan), 1950.
  • C. Goff, Excavations at Baba Jan, 1967: Second preliminary report, Iran 7, 1969, 115-130.
  • B. Haerinck – E. Overlaet, The Iron Age III graveyard at War Kabud, Pusht-i Kuh, Luristan, (Luristan Excavation Documents), Acta Iranica III, Textes et Memories XXVII, Leuven 2004.
  • A. Hejabri Nobari, The survey of Bronze and Iron Ages in Varzaqan, Eastern Azerbaijan report, Tehran 2017.
  • K. Işık – R. Kuvanç, A new part of horse trapping belonging to Urartian King Minua from Adana Archaeology Museum and on Urišhi-Urišhusi-Ururda words in Urartian, Colloquium Anatolicum 17, 2018, 223-239.
  • M. Karaosmanoğlu, Altıntepe Kalesi İkinci Dönem Kazıları, in: Doğudan Yükselen Işık - Arkeoloji Yazıları, İstanbul 2008, 69-83.
  • M. Karaosmanoğlu, Erzincan Altıntepe Fortress, in: K. Kӧroğlu – E. Konyar (eds.), Urartu (Transformation in the East), İstanbul 2011, 366-375.
  • W. Kleiss, Azerbaijan, in: Archaeology of Azerbaijan, Translated by M. Feyzkhah – S. Elliyoun, Tabriz 2009, 23-38.
  • W. Kleiss – H. Hauptmann, Topographische Karte von Urarṭu, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, Ergänzungsband 3, Berlin 1976.
  • K. Kӧroğlu, Urartu: The kingdom and tribes, in: K. Kӧroğlu – E. Konyar (eds.), Urartu (Transformation in the East), İstanbul 2011, 12-51.
  • R. Kuvanç – B. Gökce, Bezemeli ve figüratif metal eserler, in: E. Konyar – K. Işık – R. Kuvanç – B. Genç – B. Gökce (eds.), Zaiahina’nın Bronzları. Doğubayazıt Urartu Metal Eserleri. Ahmet Köroğlu Koleksiyonu, İstanbul 2018, 152-169.
  • W. Mayer, Assyrien und Urartu, Vol. 1, Münster 2013.
  • A. Movsisyan, The writing culture of pre-Christian Armenia, Yerevan 2006.
  • O. W. Muscarella, Hasanlu Bronzes and Irons, Translated by A. Sadraee – S. Elliyoun, Western Azerbaijan 2008.
  • H. Naseri Someeh, Analysis of socio-political situation and cultural actions of Arasbaran (Qara Dagh) District in the Late Bronze and Iron Age according to archaeological studies in fortifications of the Varzaqan area (Unpublished Ph.D. diss.), Tehran 2020.
  • E. Özgen, The Urartian Chariot Reconsidered: II. Archaeological Evidence 9th – 7th B.C., Anatolica 11, 1984, 91-154.
  • M. Payne, Urartian Measures of Volumes, ANES 16, Louvain-Paris-Dudley 2005.
  • M. Payne, Urartu Çiviyazılı Belgeler Kataloğu, İstanbul 2006.
  • B. B. Piotrovskij, Karmir Blur III. Resul’taty rabot arheologičeskoj ekspedicii Instituta Istorii Akademii Nauk Arm. SSR i Gosudarstvennogo Ermitaža 1951-1953 gg, (Arheologičeskie Raskopki v Armenii, 5), Erevan 1955.
  • B. B. Piotrovskij, Urartu: The kingdom of Van and its art, Peter S. Gelling (ed.), London 1967.
  • B. B. Piotrovskij, Karmir Blur, Leningrad 1970.
  • B. B. Piotrovskij, Urartian civilization, translated by H. Khatib Shahidi, Tehran 2004.
  • A. Ruder – R. Merhav, Technologies of production of metal artifacts in the Urartu culture, in: R. Merhav (ed.), Urartu: a metalworking center in the first millennium B.C.E, (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem), May 28 - October 1991, Jerusalem 1991, 333-353.
  • M. Salvini, Historical introduction, in: R. Merhav (ed.), Urartu: A Metalworking Center in The First Millennium B.C.E, (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem), May 28 - October 1991, Jerusalem 1991, 3-13.
  • M. Salvini, Corpus dei Testi Urartei, Vol. I, Rome 2008.
  • M. Salvini, Corpus dei Testi Urartei, Vol. IV, Rome: CNR 2012.
  • U. Seidl, Chariot and horse fittings: Horse trappings, in: R. Merhav (ed.), Urartu: A Metalworking Center in The First Millennium B.C.E, (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem), May 28 - October 1991, Jerusalem 1991, 77-96.
  • U. Seidl, Bronzekunst Urartus, Mainz am Rhein 2004.
  • M. T. Tarhan – V. Sevin, Van Kalesi ve Eski Van Şehri Kazıları - 1988, KST 11/1, Ankara 1990, 355-376.
  • O. A. Taşyürek, Some inscribed Urartian bronze armor, Iraq 37/2, 1975, 151-155.
  • F. von Luschan – W. Andrae, Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli V. Die Kleinfunde von Sendschirli, (Mitteilungen aus den Orientalischen Sammlungen 15), Berlin 1943.
  • L. Van den Berghe – L. De Meyer, Urartu: een vergeten cultuur uit het bergland Armenië, 9 oktober 1982 - 30 januari 1983, Gent 1982.
  • R. B. Wartke, Production of iron artifacts, in: R. Merhav (ed.), Urartu: a metalworking center in the first millennium B.C.E, (The Israel Museum, Jerusalem), May 28 - October 1991, Jerusalem 1991, 321-331.
  • G. Wilhelm, Urartian, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World’s Ancient Languages, Cambridge 2002, 119-137.
  • P. Zimansky, Ecology and Empire: The Structure of the Urartian State (Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization, No. 41), Chicago 1985.
  • P. Zimansky, Urartian material cultures as state assemblage: An anomaly in the archaeology of empire, Bulletin of the American School of Oriental Research 299/300, The archaeology of Empire in Ancient Anatolia, Aug-Nov, Chicago 1995, 103-115.
  • P. Zimansky, Ancient Ararat: A handbook of Urartian studies, New York 1998.
There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

مریم Dara 0000-0003-2190-9638

Hossein Naseri Someeh

Publication Date May 16, 2023
Submission Date March 2, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 25

Cite

APA Dara م., & Naseri Someeh, H. (2023). The Role of the Urartian Epigraphy: Argišti I’s Newly Found Disc in Varzaqan. Gephyra, 25, 119-137. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1259319
AMA Dara م, Naseri Someeh H. The Role of the Urartian Epigraphy: Argišti I’s Newly Found Disc in Varzaqan. GEPHYRA. May 2023;25:119-137. doi:10.37095/gephyra.1259319
Chicago Dara مریم, and Hossein Naseri Someeh. “The Role of the Urartian Epigraphy: Argišti I’s Newly Found Disc in Varzaqan”. Gephyra 25, May (May 2023): 119-37. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1259319.
EndNote Dara م, Naseri Someeh H (May 1, 2023) The Role of the Urartian Epigraphy: Argišti I’s Newly Found Disc in Varzaqan. Gephyra 25 119–137.
IEEE Dara م. and H. Naseri Someeh, “The Role of the Urartian Epigraphy: Argišti I’s Newly Found Disc in Varzaqan”, GEPHYRA, vol. 25, pp. 119–137, 2023, doi: 10.37095/gephyra.1259319.
ISNAD Dara مریم - Naseri Someeh, Hossein. “The Role of the Urartian Epigraphy: Argišti I’s Newly Found Disc in Varzaqan”. Gephyra 25 (May 2023), 119-137. https://doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1259319.
JAMA Dara م, Naseri Someeh H. The Role of the Urartian Epigraphy: Argišti I’s Newly Found Disc in Varzaqan. GEPHYRA. 2023;25:119–137.
MLA Dara مریم and Hossein Naseri Someeh. “The Role of the Urartian Epigraphy: Argišti I’s Newly Found Disc in Varzaqan”. Gephyra, vol. 25, 2023, pp. 119-37, doi:10.37095/gephyra.1259319.
Vancouver Dara م, Naseri Someeh H. The Role of the Urartian Epigraphy: Argišti I’s Newly Found Disc in Varzaqan. GEPHYRA. 2023;25:119-37.