Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 59 - 79, 19.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.35207/later.1152493

Abstract

References

  • Ädel, A., & Erman, B. (2012). Recurrent word combinations in academic writing by native and nonnative speakers of English: A lexical bundles approach. English for Specific Purposes, 31(2), 81-92.
  • Alipour, M., & Zarea, M. (2013). A disciplinary study of lexical bundles: The case of native versus nonnative corpora. Taiwan International ESP Journal, 5(2), 1- 20.
  • Altenberg, B. (1993). Recurrent word combinations in spoken English. In J. M. D'Arcy (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fifth Nordic Association for English Studies Conference (pp. 17-27). Reykjavik, Iceland: University of Iceland.
  • Altenberg, B. (1998). On the phraseology of spoken English: The evidence of recurrent word-combinations. In A. P. Cowie (Ed.), Phraseology: Theory, analysis, and applications (pp. 101-122). Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
  • Amirian, Z., Ketabi, S., & Eshaghi, H. (2013). The use of lexical bundles in native and nonnative post-graduate writing: The case of applied linguistics MA theses. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 5(11), 1-29.
  • Anthony, L. (2018). Antconc 3.5.2: A free text analysis software. Available from http://www.antlab.sci.waseda.ac.jp/
  • Biber, D. (2006). University language: A corpus-based study of spoken and written registers. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Biber, D., & Barbieri, F. (2007). Lexical bundles in university spoken and written registers. English for Specific Purposes, 26(3), 263-286. doi:10.1016/j.esp.2006.08.003
  • Biber, D., & Conrad, S. (1999). Lexical bundles in conversation and academic prose. Language and Computers, 26, 181-190.
  • Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Cortes, V. (2003). Lexical bundles in speech and writing: an initial taxonomy. In A. Wilson, P. Rayson & T. McEnery (Eds.), Corpus linguistics by the Lune: a festschrift for Geoffrey Leech (pp. 71–93). Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
  • Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Cortes, V. (2004). If you look at …: lexical bundles in university teaching and textbooks. Applied Linguistics, 25(3), 371-405. doi:10.1093/applin/25.3.371
  • Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E. (1999). Longman grammar of spoken and written English. London, United Kingdom: Longman.
  • Bychkovska, T., & Lee, J. J. (2017). At the same time: lexical bundles in L1 and L2 university student argumentative writing. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 30, 38-52.
  • Chen, L. (2010). An investigation of lexical bundles in ESP textbooks and electrical engineering introductory textbooks. In D. Wood (Ed.), Perspectives on formulaic language: Acquisition and communication (pp. 107-125). London, United Kingdom: Continuum International Publishing Group.
  • Chen, Y. H., & Baker, P. (2010). Lexical bundles in L1 and L2 academic writing. Language Learning & Technology, 14(2), 30-49.
  • Cortes, V. (2004). Lexical bundles in published and student disciplinary writing: Examples from history and biology. English for Specific Purposes, 23(4), 397-423. doi:10.1016/j.esp.2003.12.001
  • Cortes, V. (2006). Teaching lexical bundles in the disciplines: An example from a writing intensive history class. Linguistics and Education, 17, 391-406.
  • Cortes, V. (2015). Situating lexical bundles in the formulaic language spectrum: Origins and functional analysis developments. In corpus-based research in Applied Linguistics (pp. 197-216). John Benjamins.
  • Coxhead, A., & Byrd, P. (2007). Preparing writing teachers to teach the vocabulary and grammar of academic prose. Journal of Second Language Writing, 16(3), 129-147.
  • Durrant, P. (2014). Corpus frequency and second language learners’ knowledge of collocations: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 19(4), 443-477.
  • Durrant, P. (2017). Lexical bundles and disciplinary variation in university students’ writing: Mapping the territories. Applied Linguistics, 38(2), 165-193.
  • Ellis, N.C. (1996). Sequencing in SLA: Phonological memory, chunking, and points of order. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 24, 143-188.
  • Esfandiari, R., & Barbary, F. (2017). A contrastive corpus-driven study of lexical bundles between English writers and Persian writers in psychology research articles. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 29, 21-42.
  • Firth, J. R. (1957). Modes of meaning. In J. R. Firth (Ed.), Papers in linguistics 1934- 1951 (pp. 190-215). London, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
  • Hsu, J. W. K., Chen, H. J. H., Yang, T. Y. C., & Liu, C. Y. (2017). A study on the use of lexical bundles in native and nonnative English academic writing. English Teaching & Learning, 41(2), 55-98.
  • Hyland, K. (2002). Directives: Argument and engagement in academic writing. Applied Linguistics, 23(2), 215-239. doi:10.1093/applin/23.2.215
  • Hyland, K. (2003). Genre-based pedagogies: A social response to process. Journal of Second Language Writing, 12(1), 17-29.
  • Hyland, K. (2008a). Academic clusters: Text patterning in published and postgraduate writing. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 18(1), 41-62. doi:10.1111/j.1473-4192.2008.00178.x
  • Hyland, K. (2008b). As can be seen: lexical bundles and disciplinary variation. English for Specific Purposes, 27(1), 4-21. doi:10.1016/j.esp.2007.06.001
  • Hyland, K. (2012). Corpora and academic discourse. In K. Hyland, C. M. Huat & M. Handford (Eds.), Corpus applications in applied linguistics (pp. 30-46). London, United Kingdom: Continuum.
  • Hyland, K., & Jiang, K. F. (2018). Academic lexical bundles: How are they changing? International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 23(4), 383–407.
  • Hyland, K., & Tse, P. (2007). Is there an “academic vocabulary”?. TESOL Quarterly, 41(2), 235-253.
  • Jalali, H. (2017). Reflection of stance through it bundles in Applied Linguistics. Ampersand, 4, 30-39.
  • Jalali, H., Eslami Rasekh, A., & Tavangar Rizi, M. (2008). Lexical bundles and intradisciplinary variation: The case of applied linguistics. Iranian Journal of language Studies, 2(4), 447-484.
  • Jalilifar, A., & Ghoreishi, S. M. (2018). From the perspective of: Functional analysis of lexical bundles in Applied Linguistics‎ research articles‎. International Journal of English Studies, 18(2), 161-186.
  • Li, L. (2016). Sentence initial bundles in L2 thesis writing: A comparative study of Chinese L2 and New Zealand L1 postgraduates’ writing (Doctoral dissertation). University of Waikato, New Zealand.
  • Li, J., & Schmitt, N. (2009). The acquisition of lexical phrases in academic writing: A longitudinal case study. Journal of Second Language Writing, 18, 85-102.
  • Karabacak, E., & Qin, J. (2013). Comparison of lexical bundles used by Turkish, Chinese, and American university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70(0), 622-628. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.101
  • Nesi, H., & Basturkmen, H. (2006). Lexical bundles and discourse signalling in academic lectures. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 11(3), 283- 283. doi:10.1075/ijcl.11.3.04nes
  • Pan, F., Reppen, R., & Biber, D. (2016). Comparing patterns of L1 versus L2 English academic professionals: Lexical bundles in telecommunications research journals. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 21, 60-71.
  • Pang, P. (2009). A study on the use of four-word lexical bundles in argumentative essays by Chinese English-majors: A comparative study based on WECCL and LOCNESS. CELEA Journal, 32(3), 25-45.
  • Pawley, A., & Syder, F. H. (1983). Two puzzles for linguistic theory: Nativelike selection and nativelike fluency. In J. C. Richards & R. W. Schmidt (Eds.), Language and communication (pp. 191-226). London, United Kingdom: Longman.
  • Pérez-Llantada, C. (2014). Formulaic language in L1 and L2 expert academic writing: Convergent and divergent usage. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 14, 84-94. doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2014.01.002
  • Qin, J. (2014). Use of formulaic bundles by nonnative English graduate writers and published authors in applied linguistics. System, 42(1), 220-231. doi:10.1016/j.system.2013.12.003
  • Safarzadeh, M. M., Monfared, A., & Sarfeju, M. (2015). Native and nonnative use of lexical bundles in discussion section of political science articles. Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies, 5(2), 137-166.
  • Salazar, D. (2014). Lexical bundles in native and nonnative scientific writing. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Schmitt, N., & Carter, R. (2004). Formulaic sequences in action: An introduction. In N. Schmitt (Ed.), Formulaic sequences: Acquisition, processing, and use (pp. 1-22). Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Scott, M., & Tribble, C. (2006). Textual patterns: Key words and corpus analysis in language education (Vol. 22). John Benjamins Publishing.
  • Thompson, G. (2001). Interaction in academic writing: Learning to argue with the reader. Applied Linguistics, 22(1), 58-78.
  • Uçar, S. (2017). A corpus-based study on the use of three-word lexical bundles in the academic writing by native English and Turkish nonnative writers. English Language Teaching, 10(12), 28.
  • Wei, Y., & Lei, L. (2011). Lexical bundles in the academic writing of advanced Chinese EFL learners. RELC Journal, 42(2), 155-166. doi:10.1177/0033688211407295
  • Wood, A. (2001). International scientific English: The language of research scientists around the world. In J. Flowerdew, & M. Peacock (Eds.), Research perspectives on English for academic purposes (pp. 71-83). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Xu, F. (2012). The use and developmental features of lexical bundles in Chinese learners' English academic writing. Foreign Languages and Their Teaching, 4, 51-56. doi:10.13564/j.cnki.issn.1672-9382.2012.04.013

Lexical Bundles and Disciplinary Variation in Master Theses

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 59 - 79, 19.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.35207/later.1152493

Abstract

Lexical bundles, as fixed-form recurrent word combinations of multiple words, constitute a significant portion of academic writing and play a pivotal role in producing fluent texts. Extant studies on lexical bundles have documented difficulties that second language learners, and particularly writers experience in producing these bundles in their academic writing. However, despite an extensive existing body of research on the use of lexical bundles in various fields, the use of such linguistic devices across various disciplines, particularly in the Iranian context is an under-researched area. Thus, this study examined the frequency, functions and structure of 4-word lexical bundle use in master theses of native English-speaking writers and Iranian second language (L2) writers across four different disciplines. For this purpose, two corpora, each containing 60 master theses, 120 theses in total, were selected and analyzed following a corpus-based approach. The findings of the study revealed that, overall, Iranian writers incorporated more lexical bundles in their texts than their native English counterparts and that their use varied functionally and structurally across not only native and nonnative corpora but also across disciplines. The study has important implications for Iranian L2 writers of the respective disciplines as well as genre-based instruction in English for both academic and specific
purposes.

References

  • Ädel, A., & Erman, B. (2012). Recurrent word combinations in academic writing by native and nonnative speakers of English: A lexical bundles approach. English for Specific Purposes, 31(2), 81-92.
  • Alipour, M., & Zarea, M. (2013). A disciplinary study of lexical bundles: The case of native versus nonnative corpora. Taiwan International ESP Journal, 5(2), 1- 20.
  • Altenberg, B. (1993). Recurrent word combinations in spoken English. In J. M. D'Arcy (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fifth Nordic Association for English Studies Conference (pp. 17-27). Reykjavik, Iceland: University of Iceland.
  • Altenberg, B. (1998). On the phraseology of spoken English: The evidence of recurrent word-combinations. In A. P. Cowie (Ed.), Phraseology: Theory, analysis, and applications (pp. 101-122). Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
  • Amirian, Z., Ketabi, S., & Eshaghi, H. (2013). The use of lexical bundles in native and nonnative post-graduate writing: The case of applied linguistics MA theses. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 5(11), 1-29.
  • Anthony, L. (2018). Antconc 3.5.2: A free text analysis software. Available from http://www.antlab.sci.waseda.ac.jp/
  • Biber, D. (2006). University language: A corpus-based study of spoken and written registers. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Biber, D., & Barbieri, F. (2007). Lexical bundles in university spoken and written registers. English for Specific Purposes, 26(3), 263-286. doi:10.1016/j.esp.2006.08.003
  • Biber, D., & Conrad, S. (1999). Lexical bundles in conversation and academic prose. Language and Computers, 26, 181-190.
  • Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Cortes, V. (2003). Lexical bundles in speech and writing: an initial taxonomy. In A. Wilson, P. Rayson & T. McEnery (Eds.), Corpus linguistics by the Lune: a festschrift for Geoffrey Leech (pp. 71–93). Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
  • Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Cortes, V. (2004). If you look at …: lexical bundles in university teaching and textbooks. Applied Linguistics, 25(3), 371-405. doi:10.1093/applin/25.3.371
  • Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E. (1999). Longman grammar of spoken and written English. London, United Kingdom: Longman.
  • Bychkovska, T., & Lee, J. J. (2017). At the same time: lexical bundles in L1 and L2 university student argumentative writing. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 30, 38-52.
  • Chen, L. (2010). An investigation of lexical bundles in ESP textbooks and electrical engineering introductory textbooks. In D. Wood (Ed.), Perspectives on formulaic language: Acquisition and communication (pp. 107-125). London, United Kingdom: Continuum International Publishing Group.
  • Chen, Y. H., & Baker, P. (2010). Lexical bundles in L1 and L2 academic writing. Language Learning & Technology, 14(2), 30-49.
  • Cortes, V. (2004). Lexical bundles in published and student disciplinary writing: Examples from history and biology. English for Specific Purposes, 23(4), 397-423. doi:10.1016/j.esp.2003.12.001
  • Cortes, V. (2006). Teaching lexical bundles in the disciplines: An example from a writing intensive history class. Linguistics and Education, 17, 391-406.
  • Cortes, V. (2015). Situating lexical bundles in the formulaic language spectrum: Origins and functional analysis developments. In corpus-based research in Applied Linguistics (pp. 197-216). John Benjamins.
  • Coxhead, A., & Byrd, P. (2007). Preparing writing teachers to teach the vocabulary and grammar of academic prose. Journal of Second Language Writing, 16(3), 129-147.
  • Durrant, P. (2014). Corpus frequency and second language learners’ knowledge of collocations: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 19(4), 443-477.
  • Durrant, P. (2017). Lexical bundles and disciplinary variation in university students’ writing: Mapping the territories. Applied Linguistics, 38(2), 165-193.
  • Ellis, N.C. (1996). Sequencing in SLA: Phonological memory, chunking, and points of order. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 24, 143-188.
  • Esfandiari, R., & Barbary, F. (2017). A contrastive corpus-driven study of lexical bundles between English writers and Persian writers in psychology research articles. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 29, 21-42.
  • Firth, J. R. (1957). Modes of meaning. In J. R. Firth (Ed.), Papers in linguistics 1934- 1951 (pp. 190-215). London, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
  • Hsu, J. W. K., Chen, H. J. H., Yang, T. Y. C., & Liu, C. Y. (2017). A study on the use of lexical bundles in native and nonnative English academic writing. English Teaching & Learning, 41(2), 55-98.
  • Hyland, K. (2002). Directives: Argument and engagement in academic writing. Applied Linguistics, 23(2), 215-239. doi:10.1093/applin/23.2.215
  • Hyland, K. (2003). Genre-based pedagogies: A social response to process. Journal of Second Language Writing, 12(1), 17-29.
  • Hyland, K. (2008a). Academic clusters: Text patterning in published and postgraduate writing. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 18(1), 41-62. doi:10.1111/j.1473-4192.2008.00178.x
  • Hyland, K. (2008b). As can be seen: lexical bundles and disciplinary variation. English for Specific Purposes, 27(1), 4-21. doi:10.1016/j.esp.2007.06.001
  • Hyland, K. (2012). Corpora and academic discourse. In K. Hyland, C. M. Huat & M. Handford (Eds.), Corpus applications in applied linguistics (pp. 30-46). London, United Kingdom: Continuum.
  • Hyland, K., & Jiang, K. F. (2018). Academic lexical bundles: How are they changing? International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 23(4), 383–407.
  • Hyland, K., & Tse, P. (2007). Is there an “academic vocabulary”?. TESOL Quarterly, 41(2), 235-253.
  • Jalali, H. (2017). Reflection of stance through it bundles in Applied Linguistics. Ampersand, 4, 30-39.
  • Jalali, H., Eslami Rasekh, A., & Tavangar Rizi, M. (2008). Lexical bundles and intradisciplinary variation: The case of applied linguistics. Iranian Journal of language Studies, 2(4), 447-484.
  • Jalilifar, A., & Ghoreishi, S. M. (2018). From the perspective of: Functional analysis of lexical bundles in Applied Linguistics‎ research articles‎. International Journal of English Studies, 18(2), 161-186.
  • Li, L. (2016). Sentence initial bundles in L2 thesis writing: A comparative study of Chinese L2 and New Zealand L1 postgraduates’ writing (Doctoral dissertation). University of Waikato, New Zealand.
  • Li, J., & Schmitt, N. (2009). The acquisition of lexical phrases in academic writing: A longitudinal case study. Journal of Second Language Writing, 18, 85-102.
  • Karabacak, E., & Qin, J. (2013). Comparison of lexical bundles used by Turkish, Chinese, and American university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70(0), 622-628. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.101
  • Nesi, H., & Basturkmen, H. (2006). Lexical bundles and discourse signalling in academic lectures. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 11(3), 283- 283. doi:10.1075/ijcl.11.3.04nes
  • Pan, F., Reppen, R., & Biber, D. (2016). Comparing patterns of L1 versus L2 English academic professionals: Lexical bundles in telecommunications research journals. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 21, 60-71.
  • Pang, P. (2009). A study on the use of four-word lexical bundles in argumentative essays by Chinese English-majors: A comparative study based on WECCL and LOCNESS. CELEA Journal, 32(3), 25-45.
  • Pawley, A., & Syder, F. H. (1983). Two puzzles for linguistic theory: Nativelike selection and nativelike fluency. In J. C. Richards & R. W. Schmidt (Eds.), Language and communication (pp. 191-226). London, United Kingdom: Longman.
  • Pérez-Llantada, C. (2014). Formulaic language in L1 and L2 expert academic writing: Convergent and divergent usage. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 14, 84-94. doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2014.01.002
  • Qin, J. (2014). Use of formulaic bundles by nonnative English graduate writers and published authors in applied linguistics. System, 42(1), 220-231. doi:10.1016/j.system.2013.12.003
  • Safarzadeh, M. M., Monfared, A., & Sarfeju, M. (2015). Native and nonnative use of lexical bundles in discussion section of political science articles. Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies, 5(2), 137-166.
  • Salazar, D. (2014). Lexical bundles in native and nonnative scientific writing. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Schmitt, N., & Carter, R. (2004). Formulaic sequences in action: An introduction. In N. Schmitt (Ed.), Formulaic sequences: Acquisition, processing, and use (pp. 1-22). Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Scott, M., & Tribble, C. (2006). Textual patterns: Key words and corpus analysis in language education (Vol. 22). John Benjamins Publishing.
  • Thompson, G. (2001). Interaction in academic writing: Learning to argue with the reader. Applied Linguistics, 22(1), 58-78.
  • Uçar, S. (2017). A corpus-based study on the use of three-word lexical bundles in the academic writing by native English and Turkish nonnative writers. English Language Teaching, 10(12), 28.
  • Wei, Y., & Lei, L. (2011). Lexical bundles in the academic writing of advanced Chinese EFL learners. RELC Journal, 42(2), 155-166. doi:10.1177/0033688211407295
  • Wood, A. (2001). International scientific English: The language of research scientists around the world. In J. Flowerdew, & M. Peacock (Eds.), Research perspectives on English for academic purposes (pp. 71-83). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Xu, F. (2012). The use and developmental features of lexical bundles in Chinese learners' English academic writing. Foreign Languages and Their Teaching, 4, 51-56. doi:10.13564/j.cnki.issn.1672-9382.2012.04.013
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Language Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Abbas Hadizadeh 0000-0002-9498-1887

Sonia Jahangirian 0000-0002-8872-8770

Publication Date December 19, 2022
Acceptance Date November 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Hadizadeh, A., & Jahangirian, S. (2022). Lexical Bundles and Disciplinary Variation in Master Theses. Language Teaching and Educational Research, 5(2), 59-79. https://doi.org/10.35207/later.1152493