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The Palaeobotany of Tell Bouqras, Eastern Syria

[article]

Année 1985 11-2 pp. 131-147
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Page 131

PALÉORIENT, vol. 11/2 - 1985

THE PALAEOBOTANY OF TELL BOUQRAS, EASTERN SYRIA

W. VAN ZEIST and W. WATERBOLK-VAN ROOUEN

1. The site

1.1. Introduction

The tell site of Bouqras is situated on the western edge of the Euphrates valley, с 35 kilometres southeast of Deir ez-Zor (fig. 1). The oval-shaped mound measures с 2.75 ha (length с 250 m, greatest width с 100 m) and in the centre of the tell the deposits of occupational debris are about 5 m thick. The information on Bouqras presented in this section is taken from the papers by P.A. Akkermans et al.{\), to which the reader is referred for further details.

The site of Bouqras was discovered by Dr. WJ. van Liere, at the time F.A.O. soil scientist at Damascus. In 1965, two adjacent test pits, each measuring 4 x 4 m, were excavated by H. de Contenson and W.J. van Liere (2). In 1976, 1977 and 1978, excavations at the site were carried out by a team from the Universities of Groningen and Amsterdam under the direction of Professors H.T. Waterbolk and M.N. van Loon.

(1) AKKERMANS et ai, 1981, 1983. (2) CONTENSON and Van LIERE, 1966; CONTENSON, 1985.

1.2. The grid system

During the excavations the registration was done by squares of 9 x 9 m. The squares are identified by their position on the x and y axes of the grid system that had been laid out over the tell and which is shown on the surface plan of Bouqras (fig. 2). For example, square 15/13 is the one with its southwest corner at point 15/13 of the grid. Mention is made here of the grid system because of the sample designations. In these sample designations the first four figures are the grid notation, followed by the field number, e.g. 1613/0507.

1.3. Architecture and stratigraphy

A conspicuous feature at Bouqras were the traces of mudbrick walls which under favourable conditions showed up at the surface of the tell. This phenomenon allowed the mapping of the architecture at the surface, the result of which is presented in figure 2.

The test pits of H. de Contenson and van Liere had been carried down to the virgin soil. During the 1976-1978 campaigns five 9 by 9 m squares, numbered 15/13 to 19/13, were excavated to the bed-rock. On the southwestern slope of the tell, over a rather large area the surface layers were excavated

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